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We analyze thefireflies of Central Europe's meadows and the fungi in the Atlantic rainforest of Brazil. Additionally, we inspect bioluminescent species in New Zealand, specifically river\u2013dwelling snails and mosquito larvae found in Waitomo Caves. Our exploration concludes in the Siberian Steppes, highlighting the area\u2018s luminescent insects and annelids.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Transitioning to the marine realm, the second part of this review examines marine bioluminescent organisms. We explore this phenomenon in deep\u2013sea jellyfish and their role in the ecosystem. We then move to Toyama Bay, Japan, where seasonal bioluminescence of dinoflagellates and ostracods present a unique case study. We also delve into the bacterial world, discussing how bioluminescent bacteria contribute to symbiotic relationships.<\/jats:p><jats:p>For each organism, we contextualize its bioluminescence, providing details about its discovery, ecological function, and geographical distribution. A special focus lies on the examination of the underlying chemical mechanisms that enables these biological light displays. Concluding this review, we present a series of practical bioluminescence and chemiluminescence experiments, providing a resource for educational demonstrations and student research projects.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Our goal with this review is to provide a summary of bioluminescence across the diverse ecological contexts, contributing to the broader understanding of this unique biological phenomenon and its chemical mechanisms serving researchers new to the field, educators and students alike.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.202400106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]],"date-time":"2024-03-12T03:45:33Z","timestamp":1710215133000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Bioluminescence \u2013 The Vibrant Glow of Nature and its Chemical Mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6109-0893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Schramm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Applied Sciences Dresden (HTW Dresden)  Friedrich-List-Platz\u20051 01069 Dresden Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Wei\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut f\u00fcr Organische und Makromolekulare Chemie Friedrich-Schiller-Universit\u00e4t Jena  Humboldtstra\u00dfe 10 07743 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","first-page":"605","volume":"2","author":"Boyle R.","year":"1667","journal-title":"Phil. 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