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The formation of rutile phase SnO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> NPs was confirmed using Powder X\u2010ray diffraction and spherical morphology was corroborated through SEM imaging. TEM analysis confirms average particle size of SnO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> NPs is nearly 3\u2005nm. High azo dye removal efficiency is attributed to large surface area and presence of oxygen vacancies which were substantiated through BET and XPS analysis, respectively. To mitigate the leaching of NPs in treated water, NPs are encapsulated in sodium alginate (SA) matrix, which is proposed as an environmentally friendly, biocompatible, and economic solution. This study specifically focuses on investigating the parameters for the encapsulation of NPs within a sodium alginate matrix using CaCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> as cross\u2010linker. This work investigates the effect of physical shape of encapsulation, effect of SA and cross\u2010linker (CaCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) concentration on the feasibility of NP encapsulation and overall adsorption efficiency. Experimental results indicated that the physical form of encapsulation, such as spherical, wire\u2010like, or irregular shape maintained consistent adsorption efficiency, which indicates its versatility. For effective encapsulation of NPs and adsorption, SA and CaCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentration are suggested to be within the range of 0.2\u20130.3\u2005g and &gt;0.5\u2005M, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.202400567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T04:53:52Z","timestamp":1726721632000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["SnO<sub>2<\/sub> Encapsulated in Alginate Matrix: Evaluation and Optimization of Bioinspired Nanoadsorbents for Azo Dye Removal"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1615-7761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shikha","family":"Jyoti Borah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Centre for Nano Science Jawaharlal Nehru University  New Delhi 110067 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravinder","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University)  Haridwar, Uttarakhand India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praduman","family":"Prasad Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Sri Aurobindo College University of Delhi  Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8362-8009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinod","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Centre for Nano Science Jawaharlal Nehru University  New Delhi 110067 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","unstructured":"I.\u2005V Muralikrishna V. 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