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Conventional methods such as microbial culture, polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay are limited by complexity, low sensitivity, and high cost, restricting on\u2010site use. Functional nucleic acids (FNAs), including aptamers and DNAzymes, have emerged as versatile molecular recognition elements for next\u2010generation biosensors. Their programmability, stability, and specificity enable reliable real\u2010time food monitoring. Moreover, nucleic acid\u2010based signal amplification methods greatly enhance detection sensitivity. This review summarizes recent advances in FNA\u2010based biosensors for foodborne pathogen detection, covering screening strategies like systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, sensing mechanisms with various readouts (fluorescence, colorimetry, electrochemistry), and innovative amplification strategies for improving practical application in food safety monitoring. Representative biosensor designs, mechanisms, and performances are highlighted. Finally, existing challenges and future perspectives for enhancing detection accuracy are discussed. 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