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While applicable to diverse biomolecules, its use in protein studies has proven particularly powerful, especially in neurobiology, where precise molecular tools are essential. A key technology enabling such precision is genetic code expansion (GCE), which allows the incorporation of unnatural amino acids (UAAs) bearing bioorthogonal handles into proteins. These UAAs can be introduced site\u2010specifically to label defined proteins or proteome\u2010wide for systems\u2010level analysis. Complementing this, proteome\u2010wide labeling can be achieved through metabolic incorporation of amino acid analogs. Coupled with copper\u2010catalyzed or strain\u2010promoted click reactions, these labeling technologies enable applications ranging from protein visualization to mass spectrometry\u2010based proteomics. Ongoing advances in UAA incorporation strategies and the chemical diversity of available UAAs continue to broaden the opportunities to study protein expression, localization, and dynamics. 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