{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:35:50Z","timestamp":1786725350945,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["865885"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["865885"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["ChemBioChem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Formate dehydrogenases represent a highly attractive tool for nicotinamide cofactor regeneration to drive biocatalytic reductions and oxygenations by NADH\u2010dependent oxidoreductases with formate as a cheap, atom\u2010economic terminal reductant. However, despite the clear benefits over other recycling systems, native FDHs remain rather unpopular, mainly due to their intrinsic, low specific activity. While the active site architecture is generally highly conserved across many FDHs from very diverse origins, smaller patterns of dissonance in the active site's vicinity can serve as hotspots for the rational design of more effective variants. In this study, we have created a series of\n                    <jats:italic>Candida boidinii<\/jats:italic>\n                    FDH variants incorporating nonconsensus amino acids found in\n                    <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    FDH. A double variant (C23S\/F285D) was identified that exhibits a significantly higher specific activity, an overall more desirable pH and temperature profile, and an improved stability profile.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.70497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T15:12:40Z","timestamp":1786720360000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Improving Activity and Stability of\n                    <i>Candida boidinii<\/i>\n                    Formate Dehydrogenase Through Rational Active Site Engineering"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6719-8672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa","family":"Bickmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Institute for Bioorganic Chemistry Heinrich\u2010Heine\u2010University D\u00fcsseldorf   J\u00fclich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2499-0368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Rodil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4622-2365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Deska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-00313-x","article-title":"NAD+ Metabolism and Its Roles in Cellular Processes During Ageing","volume":"22","author":"Covarrubias A. J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s44324-025-00067-0","article-title":"The Role of NAD+ Metabolism and Its Modulation of Mitochondria in Aging and Disease","volume":"3","author":"Yusri K.","year":"2025","journal-title":"NPJ Metabolic Health and Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00354-w","article-title":"NAD+ Metabolism, Stemness, the Immune Response and Cancer","volume":"6","author":"Navas L. E.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"NAD+ Metabolism: Pathophysiologic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential","volume":"5","author":"Xie N.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-022-00931-2","article-title":"Multistep Enzyme Cascades as a Route Towards Green and Sustainable Pharmaceutical Syntheses","volume":"14","author":"Ben\u00edtez\u2010Mateos A. I.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1021\/jacsau.2c00712","article-title":"The Evolving Nature of Biocatalysis in Pharmaceutical Research and Development","volume":"3","author":"France S. P.","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACS Au"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14459","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.2c03052","article-title":"One\u2010Pot Biocatalytic Synthesis of Primary, Secondary, and Rertiary Amines With Two Stereocenters From \u03b1,\u03b2\u2010Unsaturated Ketones Using Alkyl\u2010Ammonium Formate","volume":"12","author":"Knaus T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Catalysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5781","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b02470","article-title":"An NAD(P)H\u2010Dependent Artificial Transfer Hydrogenase for Multienzymatic Cascades","volume":"138","author":"Okamoto Y.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the American Chemical Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3271","DOI":"10.1039\/D4CC06254J","article-title":"Catalytic Reduction of NAD(P)+ to NAD(P)H","volume":"61","author":"Fukuzumi S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chemical Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3058","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12245","article-title":"H2\u2010Driven Cofactor Regeneration With NAD(P)+\u2010Reducing Hydrogenases","volume":"280","author":"Lauterbach L.","year":"2013","journal-title":"The FEBS Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13361","DOI":"10.1039\/D2SC02691K","article-title":"Electrolytic NAD+ Reduction via Hydrogen Atom\u2010Coupled Electron Transfer","volume":"13","author":"Liu F.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2200172","DOI":"10.1002\/aesr.202200172","article-title":"Hydride Transfer for NADH Regeneration: From Nature, Beyond Nature","volume":"4","author":"Wang W.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Advanced Energy and Sustainability Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-019-0402-7","article-title":"Engineering a Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Redox Cofactor System for Biocatalysis","volume":"16","author":"Black W. B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Chemical Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10540","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CC02411J","article-title":"A Hydrogen\u2010Driven Biocatalytic Approach to Recycling Synthetic Analogues of NAD(P)H","volume":"58","author":"Reeve H. A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemical Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2018.10.003","article-title":"Biomimetic Cofactors and Methods for Their Recycling","volume":"49","author":"Zachos I.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Chemical Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.201800661","article-title":"Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of Nicotinamide Derivatives as NADH Analogue Coenzymes in Ene Reductase","volume":"20","author":"Falcone N.","year":"2019","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1021\/cs4011056","article-title":"Is Simpler Better? Synthetic Nicotinamide Cofactor Analogues for Redox Chemistry","volume":"4","author":"Paul C. E.","year":"2014","journal-title":"ACS Catalysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2969","DOI":"10.1139\/v76-420","article-title":"Nicotinamide Coenzyme Regeneration. Flavin Mononucleotide (rivoflavin Phosphate) as an Efficient, Economical, and Enzyme\u2010Compatible Recycling Agent","volume":"56","author":"Jones J. B.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1002\/adsc.201900111","article-title":"Flavin Oxidoreductase\u2010Mediated Regeneration of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide With Dioxygen and Catalytic Amount of Flavin Mononucleotide for One\u2010Pot Multi\u2010Enzymatic Preparation of Ursodeoxycholic Acid","volume":"361","author":"Chen X.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202300821","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.202300821","article-title":"Light\u2010Driven NADPH Cofactor Recycling by Photosystem I for Biocatalytic Reactions","volume":"15","author":"Medipally H.","year":"2023","journal-title":"ChemCatChem"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4579","DOI":"10.1039\/C7SC00850C","article-title":"Transfer of Photosynthetic NADP+\/NADPH Recycling Activity to a Porous Metal Oxide for Highly Specific, Electrochemically\u2010Driven Organic Synthesis","volume":"8","author":"Siritanaratkul B.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioorg.2024.107418","article-title":"Photocatalytic Regeneration of Nicotinamide Cofactor Biomimetics Drives Biocatalytic Reduction by Old Yellow Enzymes","volume":"147","author":"Luo F.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioorganic Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202503018","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202503018","article-title":"Highly Selective Electrocatalytic 1,4\u2010NADH Regeneration Based on Host\u2010Guest Recognition Mediated by Cucurbit[8]uril on NiO","volume":"64","author":"Ning H.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11184","DOI":"10.1039\/D5SC02770E","article-title":"A Path to Perpetual Chemical Synthesis via Photocatalytic Cofactor Regeneration","volume":"16","author":"Jain V.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chemical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2021.06.013","article-title":"Advances in Electrochemical Cofactor Regeneration: Enzymatic and Non\u2010Enzymatic Approaches","volume":"73","author":"Lee Y. S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202200888","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202200888","article-title":"Redox Biocatalysis: Quantitative Comparisons of Nicotinamide Cofactor Regeneration Methods","volume":"15","author":"Sharma V. K.","year":"2022","journal-title":"ChemSusChem"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3240","DOI":"10.1039\/D3SC04104B","article-title":"In Situ Electrochemical Regeneration of Active 1,4\u2010NADH for Enzymatic Lactic Acid Formation via Concerted Functions of Pt\u2010Modified TiO2\/Ti","volume":"15","author":"Besisa N. H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chemical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202401021","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.202401021","article-title":"Formate Dehydrogenase: Recent Developments for NADH and NADPH Recycling in Biocatalysis","volume":"15","author":"Maier A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"ChemCatChem"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650600","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2025.1650600","article-title":"Regeneration of Cofactor NAD(P)+ With NAD(P)H Oxidase for the Production of Value\u2010Added Chemicals","volume":"191","author":"Zhou L.\u2010J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2014.07.449","article-title":"Strategies for Regeneration of Nicotinamide Coenzymes Emphasizing Self\u2010Sufficient Closed\u2010Loop Recycling Systems","volume":"191","author":"Hummel W.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5CY01223F"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02798283","article-title":"Recycling of NAD+ Using Coimmobilized Alcohol Dehydrogenase and E. coli","volume":"6","author":"Burstein C.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2946","DOI":"10.1039\/C9GC00318E","article-title":"A Designer Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent to Recycle the Cofactor in Alcohol Dehydrogenase\u2010Catalysed Processes","volume":"21","author":"Mourelle\u2010Insua \u00c1.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Green Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4028","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00299a044","article-title":"Enzymatic vs. Fermentative Synthesis: Thermostable Glucose Dehydrogenase Catalyzed Regeneration of NAD(P)H for use in Enzymatic Synthesis","volume":"107","author":"Wong C.\u2010H.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of the American Chemical Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4553","DOI":"10.1039\/D3GC01536J","article-title":"Coupled Immobilized Bi\u2010Enzymatic Flow Reactor Employing Cofactor Regeneration of NAD+ Using a Thermophilic Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Lactate Dehydrogenase","volume":"25","author":"Shortall K.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Green Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-2068(89)90041-2","article-title":"Lactate Dehydrogenase\u2010Catalyzed Regeneration of NAD From NADH for use in Enzyme\u2010Catalyzed Synthesis","volume":"17","author":"Chenault H. K.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Bioorganic Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202300390","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.202300390","article-title":"Engineering a Formate Dehydrogenase for NADPH Regeneration","volume":"24","author":"Ma W.","year":"2023","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2013.10.096","article-title":"NADH Regenerated Using Immobilized FDH in a Continuously Supplied Reactor \u2013 Application to L\u2010Lactate Synthesis","volume":"239","author":"Roche J.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","first-page":"e00341","article-title":"Engineering Isopropanol Dehydrogenase for Efficient Regeneration of Nicotinamide Cofactors","volume":"88","author":"Jia Q.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900554","DOI":"10.3389\/fctls.2022.900554","article-title":"Alcohol Dehydrogenases as Catalysts in Organic Synthesis","volume":"2","author":"de Miranda A. S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Catalysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1016270820734","article-title":"Increased Activity of Glucose Dehydrogenase Co\u2010Immobilized With a Redox Mediator in a Bioreactor With Electrochemical NAD+ Regeneration","volume":"24","author":"Manj\u00f3n A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biotechnology Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioeng.2006.02.003","article-title":"Protein Engineering of Formate Dehydrogenase","volume":"23","author":"Tishkov V. I.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biomolecular Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8834","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b03941","article-title":"Reduction of Carbon Dioxide by a Molybdenum\u2010Containing Formate Dehydrogenase","volume":"138","author":"Maia L. B.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of the American Chemical Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10654","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801290105","article-title":"Reversible Interconversion of Carbon Dioxide and Formate by an Electroactive Enzyme","volume":"105","author":"Reda T.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences United States of America"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2643","DOI":"10.1038\/srep02643","article-title":"Engineering of Cofactor Regeneration Enhances (2S, 3S)\u20102,3\u2010Butanediol Production From Diacetyl","volume":"3","author":"Wang Y.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2015.08.006","article-title":"Rules for Biocatalysts and Reaction Engineering to Implement Effective, NAD(P)H\u2010Dependent, Whole Cell Bioreductions","volume":"33","author":"Kratzer R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biotechnology Advances"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-440X(03)00098-8","article-title":"Formate Dehydrogenase \u2013 a Versatile Enzyme in Changing Environments","volume":"13","author":"Jormakka M.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Structural Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7512","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.0c01487","article-title":"In Vivo Selection for Formate Dehydrogenases With High Efficiency and Specificity Toward NADP+","volume":"10","author":"Calzadiaz\u2010Ramirez L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Catalysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3859","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2008.06533.x","article-title":"Structure\u2010Guided Alteration of Coenzyme Specificity of Formate Dehydrogenase by Saturation Mutagenesis to Enable Efficient Utilization of NADP+","volume":"275","author":"Andreadeli A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"The FEBS Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1080\/10242422.2020.1865933","article-title":"NADP+\u2010Dependent Formate Dehydrogenase: A Review","volume":"39","author":"Alpdagtas S.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biocatalysis and Biotransformation"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2020.113797","article-title":"Advantages of Formate Dehydrogenase Reaction for Efficient NAD+ Quatification in Biological Samples","volume":"603","author":"Artiukhov A. V.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Analytical Biochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70064","DOI":"10.1002\/cey2.70064","article-title":"Biological Conversion of Formate to Organic Compounds: Toward a Sustainable Formate Bioeconomy","volume":"8","author":"Qian J.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Carbon Energy"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e103111","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0103111","article-title":"Efficient CO2\u2010Reducing Activity of NAD\u2010Dependent Formate Dehydrogenase From Thiobacillus sp. KNK65MA for Formate Production From CO2 Gas","volume":"9","author":"Choe H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3540455","article-title":"Active\u2010Site Characterization of Candida boidinii Formate Dehydrogenase","volume":"354","author":"Labrou N. E.","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Biochemical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2022.06.011","article-title":"Studies on the Catalytic Mechanism of Formate Dehydrogenase From Candida boidinii Using Isotope\u2010Labelled Substrate and Co\u2010Enzyme","volume":"411","author":"Sato R.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Catalysis Today"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.3c05409","article-title":"Unlocking Catalytic Diversity of a Formate Dehydrogenase: Formamide Activity for NADPH Regeneration and Amine Supply for Asymmetric Reductive Amination","volume":"14","author":"Maier A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Catalysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2370","DOI":"10.3762\/bjoc.11.259","article-title":"Biocatalysis for the Application of CO2 as a Chemical Feedstock","volume":"11","author":"Alissandratos A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.70477"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1007\/s10541-005-0071-x","article-title":"Catalytic Mechanism and Application of Formate Dehydrogenase","volume":"69","author":"Tishkov V.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Moscow)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2020.107657","article-title":"Structural Insights Into the NAD+\u2010Dependent Formate Dehydrogenase Mechanism Revealed From the NADH Complex and the Formate NAD+ Ternary Complex of the Chaetomium thermophilum Enzyme","volume":"212","author":"Yilmazer B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Structural Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crbiot.2025.100306","article-title":"Characterization of a Novel Thermostable NAD+\u2010Dependent Formate Dehydrogenase From, Methylacidiphilum kamchatkense, Kam1 (MkaFDH)","volume":"10","author":"Zribi K.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Current Research in Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3010625","article-title":"NAD+\u2010Dependent Formate Dehydrogenase","volume":"16","author":"Popov V. O.","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Biochemical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.062741707","article-title":"High\u2010Resolution Structures of Formate Dehydrogenase From Candida boidinii","volume":"16","author":"Schirwitz K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Protein Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2760","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.6b00181","article-title":"Structural and Kinetic Studies of Formate Dehydrogenase From Candida boidinii","volume":"55","author":"Guo Q.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"PyMol: An Open\u2010Source Molecular Graphics Tool","volume":"40","author":"DeLano L. W.","year":"2002","journal-title":"CCP4 Newsletter on Protein Crystallography"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7192","DOI":"10.1021\/ja9807338","article-title":"Theoretical Investigation of the Hydride Transfer From Formate to NAD+ and the Implications for the Catalytic Mechanism of Formate Dehydrogenase","volume":"120","author":"Schiott B.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of the American Chemical Society"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","first-page":"625","article-title":"Identification of Catalysis, Substrate, and Coenzyme Binding Sites and Improvement Catalytic Efficiency of Formate Dehydrogenase From Candida boidinii","volume":"16","author":"Jiang W.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.2000.01123.x","article-title":"Stabilization of NAD\u2010Dependent Formate Dehydrogenase From Candida Boidinii by Site\u2010Directed Mutagenesis of Cysteine Residues","volume":"267","author":"Slusarczyk H.","year":"2000","journal-title":"European Journal of Biochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202100643","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.202100643","article-title":"Improving Biocatalytic Properties of an Azoreductase via the N\u2010Terminal Fusion of Formate Dehydrogenase","volume":"23","author":"Ngo A. C.","year":"2002","journal-title":"ChemBioChem"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14987","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.joc.9b02445","article-title":"An Ammonium\u2010Formate\u2010Driven Trienzymatic Cascade for z\u2010Transaminase Catalyzed (R)\u2010Selective Amination","volume":"84","author":"Chen F.\u2010F.","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Journal of Organic Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","unstructured":"S.Felber \u201cOptimierung der NAD\u2010Abh\u00e4ngigen Formiatdehydrogenase AusCandida boidiniif\u00fcr Den Einsatz in der Biokatalyse \u201d Dissertation thesis (Heinrich\u2010Heine\u2010Universit\u00e4t D\u00fcsseldorf (Germany) 2001)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-020-03429-0","article-title":"Conserved Amino Acid Residues that Affect Structural Stability of Candida boidinii Formate Dehydrogenase","volume":"193","author":"Bulut H.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6776","DOI":"10.1039\/D5GC00705D","article-title":"The Synergistic Effect of Formate Dehydrogenase and Carbonic Anhydrase Accelerates the Ethanol Fermentation Process and Improves Carbon Recovery","volume":"27","author":"He Y.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Green Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6750-9-61","article-title":"Single and Efficient Site\u2010Directed Mutagenesis Using Two Single\u2010Primer Reactions in Parallel to Generate Mutants for Protein Structure\u2010Function Studies","volume":"9","author":"Edelheit O.","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07487-w","article-title":"Accurate Structure Prediction of Biomolecular Interactions With AlphaFold3","volume":"630","author":"Abramson J.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202103949","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202103949","article-title":"Ene\u2010Reductase: A Multifaceted Biocatalyst in Organic Synthesis","volume":"28","author":"Kumar Roy T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemistry \u2013 A European Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3532","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.8b00624","article-title":"Discovery, Characterization, Engineering, and Applications of Ene\u2010Reductases for Industrial Biocatalysis","volume":"8","author":"Toogood H. S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Catalysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6194","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.4c00239","article-title":"Ene\u2010Reductase\u2010Catalyzed Enantioselective Desymmetrization of Cyclohexadienones: Straightforward Access to All\u2010Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters","volume":"14","author":"Wu X.","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Catalysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16843","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.201703475","article-title":"Asymmetric Reduction of Prochiral Ketones by Using Self\u2010Sufficient Heterogeneous Biocatalysts Based on NADPH\u2010Dependent Ketoreductases","volume":"23","author":"Ben\u00edtez\u2010Mateos A. I.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemistry \u2013 A European Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13059","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.5c01769","article-title":"Ketoreductase Engineering for a Chemoenzymatic Fluorination and Dynamic Kinetic Reduction Cascade","volume":"15","author":"Chun S. W.","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Catalysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/s42004-024-01130-5","article-title":"Effective Engineering of a Ketoreductase for the Biocatalytic Synthesis of an Ipatasertib Precursor","volume":"7","author":"Honda Malca S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Communications Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e202500440","DOI":"10.1002\/ceur.202500440","article-title":"A Streamlined Chemoenzymatic One\u2010Pot Process for the Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Tenuipesone A\/B","volume":"4","author":"Hallamaa M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"ChemistryEurope"}],"container-title":["ChemBioChem"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbic.70497","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cbic.70497","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbic.70497","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:01:53Z","timestamp":1786723313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbic.70497"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbic.70497"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbic.70497","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1439-4227","1439-7633"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1439-4227","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-7633","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70497"}}