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This study examines the hypothesis that repeated infusions of human bone marrow\u2010derived MSCs (hBM\u2010MSCs) can improve liver injury in an experimental model. MSCs were intravenously transplanted into immunosuppressed mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>)\u2010induced liver fibrosis. Transplanting 3\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> MSCs in three divided doses improved survival, liver fibrosis and necrosis compared with injection of the same number of MSCs in a single dose. This was accompanied by increased influence on the expression of the fibrogenic\/fibrolytic related genes <jats:italic>Col1a1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Timp1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Mmp13<\/jats:italic> in the repeated transplant group. Repeat administration of MSCs was three times more effective in homing of PKH\u2010tagged transplanted cells 3 weeks post\u2010transplant compared with the single transplant group. The benefits of repeated transplants may be of considerable significance in clinical trials on liver failure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.10048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]],"date-time":"2013-08-06T09:53:59Z","timestamp":1375782839000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Repeated versus single transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells in carbon tetrachloride\u2010induced liver injury in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Miryounesi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology ACECR, P.O. 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