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The tissue slices of subcutaneous white adipose tissue from rats were placed on a porous membrane and cultured at the interface between air and the culture medium for up to 5 days with or without adipogenic stimulation. The structure of adipose tissue components was sufficiently preserved during the culture and, following adipogenic stimulation with insulin, dexamethasone, and 3\u2010isobutyl\u20101\u2010methylxanthine, numerous multilocular adipocytes appeared in the interstitium among the mature adipocytes. Histomorphological 3\u2010D observation using confocal laser microscopy revealed the presence of small mesenchymal cells containing little or no fat residing in the perivascular region and on the mature adipocytes and differentiation from the pre\u2010existing mesenchymal cells to multilocular adipocytes. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that these cells were initially present within the fibronectin\u2010positive extracellular matrix (ECM). The adipose differentiation of the mesenchymal cells was confirmed by the enhanced expression of C\/EBP\u2010\u03b2 suggesting adipose differentiation and the concurrent advent of CD105\u2010expressing mesenchymal cells within the interstitium of the mature adipocytes. Based on the above, the mesenchymal cells embedded in the ECM around the mature adipocytes were confirmed to be responsible for adipogenesis because the transition of the mesenchymal cells to the stem state contributed to the increase in the number of adipocytes in rat adipose tissue.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.10503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,20]],"date-time":"2015-06-20T08:58:18Z","timestamp":1434790698000},"page":"1288-1298","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Adipose progenitor cells reside among the mature adipocytes: morphological research using an organotypic culture system"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Hisashi","family":"Anayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug Safety Research Laboratories Pharmaceutical Research Division Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited 26\u20101, Muraoka\u2010Higashi, 2\u2010Chome 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