{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T21:46:09Z","timestamp":1768081569701,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]],"date-time":"2016-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Biology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Methylene blue (MB) has been widely applied in the clinical area and is currently being used in aquaculture as biocide. Some recent studies have emphasized the importance of understanding the action mechanism and the MB cellular targets. In this sense, zebrafish is considered a relevant model to study the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis as well as the cellular responses involving DNA damage and repair. So, the aim of the present study was to compare MB action mechanisms in a zebrafish cell line, both in the absence (MB alone; dark toxicity) and in the presence of photosynthetically active radiation (MB+PAR; phototoxicity). There was a significant increase of the levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species 3\u2009h after MB treatment, whereas this increase was only observed 12\u2009h after treatment with MB+PAR. All treatments with MB resulted in an increase in DNA damage after 3 and 6\u2009h. However, cell death by apoptosis was observed from 6\u2009h after treatment with MB+PAR and 12\u2009h after treatment with MB alone. The expression of genes related to apoptosis was altered after MB and MB+PAR treatment. Therefore, this zebrafish cell line is sensitive to the photodynamic action of MB; MB is able to generate DNA damage and induce apoptosis in this cell line both alone and in the presence of PAR. However, the pathways leading to apoptosis in this model appear to be dependent on the type of MB exposure (in the presence or absence of PAR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.10629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,30]],"date-time":"2016-05-30T08:13:09Z","timestamp":1464595989000},"page":"895-905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Methylene blue toxicity in zebrafish cell line is dependent on light exposure"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Simone Rutz da","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Fisiol\u00f3gicas\u2212Fisiologia Animal Comparada Universidade Federal do Rio Grande\u2013FURG Av. It\u00e1lia km 8 96203\u2010900 Rio Grande Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauricio da Costa","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Fisiol\u00f3gicas\u2212Fisiologia Animal Comparada Universidade Federal do Rio Grande\u2013FURG Av. It\u00e1lia km 8 96203\u2010900 Rio Grande Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flavio Manoel Rodrigues","family":"da Silva J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande\u2212FURG Av. It\u00e1lia km 8 96203\u2010900 Rio Grande Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana Zomer","family":"Sandrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Fisiol\u00f3gicas\u2212Fisiologia Animal Comparada Universidade Federal do Rio Grande\u2013FURG Av. It\u00e1lia km 8 96203\u2010900 Rio Grande Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas Universidade Federal do Rio Grande\u2212FURG Av. It\u00e1lia km 8 96203\u2010900 Rio Grande Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2010.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2004.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-197610000-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1873-0140(05)80005-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.156801"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(01)00696-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.16.1.395"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6601298"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.537.3.5","article-title":"Photodynamic therapy with indocyanine green complements and enhances low\u2010dose cisplatin cytotoxicity in MCF\u20107 breast cancer cells","volume":"3","author":"Crescenzi E","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"1125","volume-title":"Biochemical mechanisms: metabolism, adaptation, and toxicity. Fundamentals of aquatic toxicology: effects, environmental fate, and risk assesment","author":"Di Giulio RT","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00018.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-04-1595"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2013.12.007"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"335","article-title":"Apoptosis: programmed cell death","volume":"53","author":"Grivicich I","year":"2007","journal-title":"Rev Bras Cancerol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400679"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5742(00)00059-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(01)00267-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4402016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-1136(02)00128-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81871-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2011.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1997.295"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1562\/0031-8655(2002)0750392IVPAOA2.0.CO2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","first-page":"394","article-title":"Phenotiazinium dyes as photosensitizers (PS) in photodynamic therapy (PDT): spectroscopic properties and photochemical mechanisms","volume":"14","author":"Moreira LM","year":"2012","journal-title":"InTech"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2012.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-40422007000400039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2009.46"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"A simple technique for quantifying apoptosis in 96\u2010well plates","volume":"5","author":"Ribble D","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC Biotechnol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2008.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10695-014-9970-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-1097.2008.00422.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2010.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02390701"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90281-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(88)90265-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M006920200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(97)00267-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a001123"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042117"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2002-3-7-research0034"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/tmrv.2002.29405"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-7208(03)00021-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1011-1344(97)00061-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(00)00207-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867023371355"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1572-1000(05)00110-9"},{"issue":"87","key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Apoptosis in cancer: from pathogenesis to treatment","volume":"30","author":"Wong RSY","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1204441"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3600039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochemrev.2011.06.001"}],"container-title":["Cell Biology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcbin.10629","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbin.10629","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T21:40:45Z","timestamp":1696628445000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbin.10629"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbin.10629"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbin.10629","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1065-6995","1095-8355"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1065-6995","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-8355","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2016-04-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-05-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2016-06-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}