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Host defenses and immunity of the gland have unique features to maintain a constant balance between response and tolerance to diverse antigens. In this context, the effects of reproductive hormones on the male tract are thus complex and have just started to be defined. From the classical description of \u201cthe prostatic antibacterial factor,\u201d many host defense proteins with potent microbicidal and anti\u2010tumoral activities have been described in the organ. Indeed, it has been proposed a central role for resident cells, that is, epithelial and smooth muscle cells, in the prostatic response against injuries. However, these cells also represent the target of the inflammatory damage, leading to the development of a Proliferative Inflammatory Atrophy\u2010like process in the epithelium and a myofibroblastic\u2010like reactive stroma. Available data on androgen regulation of inflammation led to a model of the complex control, in which the final effect will depend on the tissue microenvironment, the cause of inflammation, and the levels of androgens among other factors. In this paper, we review the current scientific literature about the inflammatory process in the gland, the modulation of host defense proteins, and the influence of testosterone on the resolution of prostatitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.10755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,28]],"date-time":"2017-02-28T13:22:00Z","timestamp":1488288120000},"page":"1223-1233","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Androgen regulation of host defenses and response to inflammatory stimuli in the prostate gland"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Amado A.","family":"Quintar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Microscop\u00eda Electr\u00f3nica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA\u2010CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas Universidad Nacional de C\u00f3rdoba, Pabell\u00f3n de Biolog\u00eda Celular. E. 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