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This guarantees rapid hemostasis and avoids uncontrolled thrombosis. However, excessive platelet activation and resulting thrombotic microangiopathy are frequently observed in pig\u2010to\u2010primate xenotransplantation models. Endothelium\u2010derived inhibitory mechanisms play an important role in regulation of platelet activation. These mainly include nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin PGI<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and adenosine, which are synthesized by endothelial NO synthases (eNOS), prostacyclin synthase, and CD39\/CD73, respectively. We investigated whether endothelium\u2010derived regulatory mechanisms are affected in porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAECs) after exposure to human serum. In the present study, exposure of PAECs or porcine iliac arteries to human serum suppressed gene expression of eNOS and prostacyclin synthase, while induced gene expression of prostaglandin G\/H synthase and thromboxane synthase. Simultaneously, exposure to human serum reduced NO and PGI<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> production in PAEC culture supernatants. Thus, human serum altered the balance of endothelium\u2010derived inhibitory mechanisms in PAECs, which may indicate a regulatory mechanism of excessive platelet activation in pig\u2010to\u2010primate xenotransplantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.10782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,2]],"date-time":"2017-05-02T00:12:07Z","timestamp":1493683927000},"page":"798-808","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Altered expression of eNOS, prostacyclin synthase, prostaglandin G\/H synthase, and thromboxane synthase in porcine aortic endothelial cells after exposure to human serum\u2014relevance to xenotransplantation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Pengfei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Institute of Translational Medicine Shenzhen Second 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