{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T22:23:39Z","timestamp":1789424619633,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,9]],"date-time":"2017-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1507507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo di ateneo per la ricerca di base","award":["ORSA149715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORSA149715"]}]},{"name":"Fondo di ateneo per la ricerca di base","award":["ORSA159291"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ORSA159291"]}]},{"name":"Associazione Italiana Celiachia","award":["FC 05_FC_2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FC 05_FC_2013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Biology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Alpha\u2010gliadin peptide 31\u201343 is considered to be the main peptide responsible for the innate immune response in celiac disease patients. Recent evidence indicates that peptide 31\u201343 rapidly enters cells and interacts with the early endocytic vesicular compartment. However, the mechanism of its uptake is not completely understood. Our aim is to characterize, isolate and identify possible cell surface proteins involved in peptide 31\u201343 internalization by Caco\u20102 cells. In this study, we used a chemical cross\u2010linker to block peptide 31\u201343 on cell surface proteins, and pulled\u2010down peptide\u2010proteins complexes using antibodies raised against peptide 31\u201343. Through this experimental approach, we did not observe any specific complex between cell proteins and peptide 31\u201343 in Coomassie\u2010stained denaturating gels or by Western blotting. We also found that type 2 transglutaminase was not necessary for peptide 31\u201343 internalization, even though it had a regulatory role in the process. Finally, we demonstrated that peptide 31\u201343 did not behave as a classical ligand, indeed the labeled peptide did not displace the unlabeled peptide in a competitive binding assay. On the basis of these findings and of previous evidence demonstrating that peptide 31\u201343 is able to interact with a membrane\u2010like environment in vitro, we conclude that membrane composition and organization, rather than a specific receptor protein, may have a major role in peptide 31\u201343 internalization by cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.10874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,15]],"date-time":"2017-09-15T07:14:43Z","timestamp":1505459683000},"page":"112-120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["The toxic alpha\u2010gliadin peptide 31\u201343 enters cells without a surface membrane receptor"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Gaetana","family":"Paolella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry and Biology University of Salerno Fisciano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marilena","family":"Lepretti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry and Biology University of Salerno Fisciano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Martucciello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry and Biology University of Salerno Fisciano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merlin","family":"Nanayakkara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food\u2010Induced Diseases (ELFID) University Federico II, Naples &amp; University of Salerno Fisciano Italy"},{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences University Federico II Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Auricchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food\u2010Induced Diseases (ELFID) University Federico II, Naples &amp; University of Salerno Fisciano Italy"},{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences University Federico II Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry and Biology University of Salerno Fisciano Italy"},{"name":"European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food\u2010Induced Diseases (ELFID) University Federico II, Naples &amp; University of Salerno Fisciano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Vittoria","family":"Barone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food\u2010Induced Diseases (ELFID) University Federico II, Naples &amp; 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