{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T17:27:37Z","timestamp":1767893257895,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,15]],"date-time":"2017-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1510704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"DST-FIST"},{"name":"University Grants Commission (SAP-DRS-III) - India"},{"name":"UGC-CSIR Senior Research Fellowship (NET-SRF)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Biology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Sodium nitrite (NaNO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) is widely used in the food industry as a preservative and colorant in meat and fish products. Industrialization and improper agricultural practices have greatly increased human exposure to high nitrite levels, mainly through contaminated drinking water, causing various health disorders. We have investigated the protective effect of carnosine (CAR) and N\u2010acetyl cysteine (NAC) on NaNO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced toxicity in rat blood. CAR is a bioactive dipeptide found in mammalian muscle while NAC is a synthetic sulfhydryl amino acid and an important precursor of glutathione. Animals were given a single acute oral dose of NaNO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> at 60\u2009mg\/kg body weight with or without prior administration of either CAR or NAC. Rats were sacrificed after 24\u2009h, blood was withdrawn and plasma and erythrocytes were isolated. Administration of NaNO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> alone increased methemoglobin levels and methemoglobin reductase activity, decreased the activities of antioxidant defense and metabolic enzymes and significantly weakened the total antioxidant capacity of rat erythrocytes. Similar effects were seen in plasma of NaNO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010treated rats. In contrast, administration of CAR or NAC, prior to NaNO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> treatment, markedly attenuated the NaNO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010elicited deleterious effects. Thus, CAR and NAC can mitigate nitrite\u2010induced metabolic alterations and oxidative damage probably due to their intrinsic biochemical antioxidant properties. This study suggests that CAR and NAC can be potentially used as therapeutic\/protective agents against NaNO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> toxicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.10893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,20]],"date-time":"2017-10-20T07:16:35Z","timestamp":1508483795000},"page":"281-293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Carnosine and N\u2010acetyl cysteine protect against sodium nitrite\u2010induced oxidative stress in rat blood"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Fariheen Aisha","family":"Ansari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002 UP India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Riaz","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002 UP India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biof.5520240109"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175196"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2015.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(89)90066-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-015-9755-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.208"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(73)90309-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1996.0292"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1001-907"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00314"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2013.811212"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(61)90170-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-010-0365-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(78)52032-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-813X(03)00090-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-03-146159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvq366"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2004.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635580801911787"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2004.04076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201500552"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52639-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2006.tb00407.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21434"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0027-5107(91)90165-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.2000.1240"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00017a009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02540416"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.104844","article-title":"An o\u2010toluidine method for body\u2010fluid glucose determination","volume":"54","author":"Dubowski KM","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15376516.2016.1204641"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-313X.2002.01454.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2013.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05015-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-006-0409-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","first-page":"866","article-title":"Carnosine as a potential anti\u2010senescence drug","volume":"65","author":"Gallant S","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem Biokhimiia"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.2000.4696"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(72)25041-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(01)00272-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-153X-7-38"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90326-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2004.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-011-0209-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2015.09.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-0491(92)90226-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1550-2783-2-2-38"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","first-page":"377","article-title":"Effect of ischemia and reperfusion on enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in rat kidney","volume":"17","author":"Khundmiri SJ","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000204350.44226.9a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Effect of carnosine and its components on free\u2010radical reactions","volume":"12","author":"Klebanov GI","year":"1998","journal-title":"Membr Cell Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","first-page":"550","article-title":"Studies on methemoglobin reductase. I. Comparative studies of diaphorases from normal and methemoglobinemic erythrocytes","volume":"247","author":"Kuma F","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-016-5167-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(90)86141-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","first-page":"413","volume-title":"Clinical laboratory diagnosis, 7th ed","author":"Levinson SA","year":"1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4EM00200H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2466"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(85)13062-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(98)00056-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.21744"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2011.07.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","first-page":"425","article-title":"ACP1GUA\u20101\u2010a low\u2010activity variant of human erythrocyte acid phosphatase: association with increased glutathione reductase activity","volume":"34","author":"Mohrenweiser HW","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgi277"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of sodium nitrite (CAS NO. 7632\u201000\u20100) in F344\/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (drinking water studies)","volume":"495","year":"2001","journal-title":"Natl Toxicol Program Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(97)80183-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-2728(99)00028-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(93)90114-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00435.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8470589"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sageke.2005.18.pe12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.2.611"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138945011796150334"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.2478\/s11658-012-0007-6","article-title":"Protective effect of placenta extracts against nitrite\u2010induced oxidative stress in human erythrocytes","volume":"17","author":"Rozanova S","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.18097\/PBMC20156104510","article-title":"Increased manganese superoxide dismutase and cyclin B1 expression in carnosine\u2010induced inhibition of glioblastoma cell proliferation","volume":"61","author":"Rybakova YS","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed Khim"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2013.796564"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2013.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","first-page":"004","article-title":"Determination of xanthine oxidase","volume":"7","author":"Shintani H","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharm Anal Acta"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2012.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","first-page":"709","article-title":"Enzyme patterns in human tissues. I. Methods for the determination of glycolytic enzymes","volume":"24","author":"Shonk CE","year":"1964","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.3.1006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)68090-X","article-title":"A simplified method for estimating urinary inorganic phosphate during aluminum gel therapy for phosphatic calculi","volume":"69","author":"Taussky HH","year":"1953","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365513.2012.734859"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-07-2783"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13813455.2012.714790"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_87_1","first-page":"G564","article-title":"Circulating xanthine oxidase: potential mediator of ischemic injury","volume":"258","author":"Yokoyama Y","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180300001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4889(00)00036-7"}],"container-title":["Cell Biology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcbin.10893","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbin.10893","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,26]],"date-time":"2023-09-26T05:46:52Z","timestamp":1695707212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbin.10893"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,15]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbin.10893"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbin.10893","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1065-6995","1095-8355"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1065-6995","type":"print"},{"value":"1095-8355","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-05-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-10-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-11-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}