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The level of LC3\u2010II was elevated and that of p62 was reduced in desipramine\u2010treated L929 cells, indicating the induction of autophagy by desipramine. Surprisingly, massive vacuolization was observed in desipramine\u2010treated L929 cells in the presence of LY294002, an inhibitor of autophagy. On the other hand, bafilomycin A1, an inhibitor of vacuolar type H<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>ATPase, almost completely inhibited vacuolization in desipramine\u2010 or desipramine\/LY294002\u2010treated L929 cells. Furthermore, desipramine\u2010induced vacuolization was observed in autophagy\u2010deficient Atg7<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) as well as wild\u2010type Atg7<jats:sup>+\/+<\/jats:sup>MEFs. 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