{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T18:46:21Z","timestamp":1757702781761},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,19]],"date-time":"2019-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"CAPES, Brazil"},{"name":"CNPq, Brazil","award":["444744\/2014-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["444744\/2014-2"]}]},{"name":"FAPEMIG, Brazil"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Biology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label \/><jats:p>Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced by NADPH oxidase (NOX), an enzyme that reduces oxygen by using NADPH as a substrate. Apocynin (APO) is a catechol that is used as a NOX inhibitor, and N\u2010acetyl\u2010cysteine \u200b\u200b(NAC) can reduce intracellular ROS levels. In this work, the effect of APO and NAC on osteoclast formation were evaluated. APO and NAC significantly decreased the number of tartrate\u2010resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)\u2010positive cells and the osteoclast area. We analyzed bone\u2010marrow derived monocyte\u2010macrophages (BMMs) that differentiated into osteoclasts after RANKL stimulation. Stimulation was associated with either APO or NAC treatment and osteoclastogenesis marker expression, including NFATc1, MMP\u20109, and DC\u2010STAMP, was evaluated. APO decreased the intracellular calcium concentration by calcium channels other than ITPR1 and TPC2. On the other hand, APO reduced <jats:italic>Tnfrsf11a<\/jats:italic> (RANK) expression and did not alter <jats:italic>Fam102a<\/jats:italic> (EEIG1) expression. Therefore, our results demonstrate that APO inhibits osteoclastogenesis by the RANK\u2010RANKL\u2010related signaling pathways, decreases osteoclast markers, and reduces intracellular calcium concentration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,14]],"date-time":"2019-02-14T07:17:21Z","timestamp":1550128641000},"page":"466-475","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The use of apocynin inhibits osteoclastogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Mariana Pena Ribeiro","family":"Soares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Science Federal University of Uberlandia 2B, Room, 211, Campus Umuarama Uberlandia Brazil"},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto Department of Physics and Chemistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo Ribeirao Preto Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle Pereira","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Science Federal University of Uberlandia 2B, Room, 211, Campus Umuarama Uberlandia Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isadora Akemi","family":"Uehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Science Federal University of Uberlandia 2B, Room, 211, Campus Umuarama Uberlandia Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Erivan Schnaider","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirao Preto Department of Physics and Chemistry University of S\u00e3o Paulo Ribeirao Preto Brazil"},{"name":"University of the Pacific Arthur A. 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