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Preconditioning of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with stromal cell\u2010derived factor 1\u03b1 (SDF\u20101\u03b1), also called C\u2010X\u2010C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12), is an approach for improving the functional features of the cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of intranasal delivery of SDF\u20101\u03b1 preconditioned BMSCs in the cuprizone\u2010induced chronically demyelinated mice model. BMSCs were isolated, cultured, and preconditioned with SDF\u20101\u03b1. Then, intranasal delivery of the preconditioned cells was performed in the C57BL\/6 mice receiving cuprizone for 12 weeks. Animals were killed at 30 days after cell delivery. SDF\u20101\u03b1 preconditioning increased C\u2010X\u2010C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) expression on the surface of BMSCs, improved survival of the cells, and decreased their apoptosis in vitro. SDF\u20101\u03b1 preconditioning also improved CXCL12 level within the brain, and enhanced spatial learning and memory (assessed by Morris water maze [MWM]), and myelination (assessed by Luxol fast blue [LFB] and transmission electron microscopy [TEM]). In addition, preconditioning of BMSCs with SDF\u20101\u03b1 reduced the protein expressions of glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium\u2010binding adapter molecule (Iba\u20101) and increased the expressions of oligodendrocyte lineage transcription factor\u20102 (Olig\u20102) and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), evaluated by immunofluorescence. The results showed the efficacy of intranasal delivery of SDF\u20101\u03b1\u2010preconditioned BMSCs for improving remyelination in the cuprizone model of MS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,21]],"date-time":"2019-10-21T08:33:12Z","timestamp":1571646792000},"page":"499-511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Intranasal delivery of SDF\u20101\u03b1\u2010preconditioned bone marrow mesenchymal cells improves remyelination in the cuprizone\u2010induced mouse model of multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Beigi Boroujeni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Science  Tehran 1417653761 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