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Nevertheless, the involving mechanisms of it remain unclear yet. In the present study, we explored the global gene expression changes of fetus rat hippocampal neural stem cells following VPA treatment by high\u2010throughput microarray. We obtained 874 significantly upregulated genes and 258 obviously downregulated genes (fold change\u2009&gt;\u20092 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Then, we performed gene ontology and pathway analyses of these differentially expressed genes and chose several genes associated with nervous system according to gene ontology analysis to conduct expression analysis to validate the reliability of the array results as well as reveal possible mechanisms of VPA. To get a better comprehension of the differentially regulated genes by VPA, we conducted protein\u2013protein association analysis of these genes, which offered a source for further studies. In addition, we made the overlap between the VPA\u2010downregulated genes and the predicted target genes of VPA\u2010upregulated microRNAs (miRNAs), which were previously demonstrated. These overlapped genes may provide a source to find functional VPA\/miRNA\/mRNA axes during neuronal differentiation. This study first constructed a comprehensive potential downstream gene map of VPA in the process of neuronal differentiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T11:05:14Z","timestamp":1571828714000},"page":"536-548","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Gene expression changes induced by valproate in the process of rat hippocampal neural stem cells differentiation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Hui","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy, Medical School Nantong University 19 Qixiu Road Nantong Chongchuan District 226001 PR China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy, Medical School Nantong University 19 Qixiu Road Nantong 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