{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T11:39:24Z","timestamp":1784547564380,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,21]],"date-time":"2020-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1ZIAMH002468\u201025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1ZIAMH002468\u201025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Biology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The clinical application of stem cells offers great promise as a potential avenue for therapeutic use in neurodegenerative diseases. However, cell loss after transplantation remains a major challenge, which currently plagues the field. On the basis of our previous findings that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF\u201021) protected neurons from glutamate excitotoxicity and that upregulation of FGF\u201021 in a rat model of ischemic stroke was associated with neuroprotection, we proposed that overexpression of FGF\u201021 protects bone marrow\u2010derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from apoptosis. To test this hypothesis, we examined whether the detrimental effects of apoptosis can be mitigated by the transgenic overexpression of FGF\u201021 in MSCs. FGF\u201021 was transduced into MSCs by lentivirus and its overexpression was confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, FGF\u201021 overexpression did not stimulate the expression of other FGF family members, suggesting it does not activate a positive feedback system. The effects of hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1), and staurosporine, known inducers of apoptosis, were evaluated in FGF\u201021 overexpressing MSCs and mCherry control MSCs. Caspases 3 and 7 activity was markedly and dose\u2010dependently increased by all three stimuli in mCherry MSCs. FGF\u201021 overexpression robustly suppressed caspase activation induced by H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and TNF\u2010\u03b1, but not staurosporine. Moreover, the assessment of apoptotic morphological changes confirmed the protective effects of FGF\u201021 overexpression. Taken together, these results provide compelling evidence that FGF\u201021 plays a crucial role in protecting MSCs from apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and inflammation and merits further investigation as a strategy for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of stem cell\u2010based therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,18]],"date-time":"2020-06-18T15:25:25Z","timestamp":1592493925000},"page":"2163-2169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Overexpression of fibroblast growth factor\u201021 (FGF\u201021) protects mesenchymal stem cells against caspase\u2010dependent apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Gabriel R.","family":"Linares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Neurobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"},{"name":"Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California"},{"name":"Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at University of Southern California  Los Angeles California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Neurobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dragan","family":"Maric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"De\u2010Maw","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Neurobiology Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health National Institutes of Health  Bethesda 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