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Human amniotic mesenchymal stem stromal cells (hAMSCs) can differentiate into multiple tissue types. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which hAMSCs transplantation promotes endometrial regeneration. The rat models with IUA were established through mechanical and infective methods, and PKH26\u2010labeled hAMSCs were transplanted through the tail vein (combined with\/without estrogen). Under three different conditions, hAMSCs differentiated into endometrium\u2010like cells. HE and Mason staining assays, and immunohistochemistry were used to compare the changes in rat models treated with hAMSCs and\/or estrogen transplantation. To define the induction of hAMSCs to endometrium\u2010like cells in vitro, an induction medium (cytokines, estrogen) was used to investigate the differentiation of hAMSCs into endometrium\u2010like cells. qRT\u2010polymerase chain reaction\u00a0(PCR) and western blotting were performed to detect the differentiation of hAMSCs into endometrium\u2010like cells. A greater number of glands, fewer endometrial fibrotic areas, and stronger expression of vascular endothelial growth factor\u00a0and cytokeratin\u00a0in the combined group (hAMSCs transplantation combined with estrogen) than in the other treatment groups were observed. hAMSCs could be induced into\u00a0endometrium\u2010like cells by cytokine treatment (TGF\u2010\u03b21, EGF, and PDGF\u2010BB). Transplantation of hAMSCs is an effective alternative for endometrial regeneration after injury in rats. The differentiation protocol for hAMSCs will be useful for further studies on human endometrial regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11951","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T07:53:20Z","timestamp":1667289200000},"page":"75-85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells\u00a0promote endometrium regeneration in a rat model of intrauterine adhesion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Yanhua","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The University\u2010Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Shanghai Jiading Maternal Child Health Hospital Shanghai 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