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Although ascorbic acid promotes chondrogenic differentiation, the detailed regulative mechanisms underlying its role in chondrogenesis remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effects of ascorbic acid on insulin\u2010induced chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells and the underlying intracellular signaling. The results revealed that insulin\u2010stimulated collagen deposition, matrix formation, calcification, and expression of chondrogenic differentiation marker genes in ATDC5 cells. This enhancement by insulin was amplified with the addition of ascorbic acid. Molecular analysis revealed that the activation of insulin\u2010induced phosphoinositide 3\u2010kinase (PI3K)\/Akt signaling was enhanced in the presence of ascorbic acid. In contrast, Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin signaling was suppressed during chondrocyte differentiation via upregulation of the Wnt agonist, secreted Frizzled\u2010related protein 1 (sFRP\u20101) and 3 (sFRP\u20103). Notably, ascorbic acid upregulated the expression of insulin receptors and their substrates (IRS\u20101 and IRS\u20102). Furthermore, ascorbic acid reversed the suppression of IRS\u20101 and IRS\u20102 protein by insulin. These results indicate that ascorbic acid positively regulates the chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells via enhancement of insulin signaling. Our findings provide a substantial basis for further elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms of chondrocyte differentiation and the pathophysiology of OA, thus aiding in development of effective treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.12067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T01:48:25Z","timestamp":1688003305000},"page":"1737-1748","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Ascorbic acid enhances chondrocyte differentiation of ATDC5 by accelerating insulin receptor signaling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"47","author":[{"given":"Kaede","family":"Okita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Promotion,\u00a0Division of Infections and Molecular Biology Kyushu Dental University Fukuoka Japan"},{"name":"School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry Kyushu Dental University Fukuoka 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