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TSPO is an 18\u2009KDa protein located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, which can be traced by positron emission tomography (PET) using specific ligands. TSPO is located mostly in neurons and inflammatory sites outside the brain. We hypothesized that it might also be expressed in the human endometrium and endometrial\u2010like tissue, being a target for molecular imaging of endometriosis. This prospective cross\u2010sectional study included 28 women with endometriosis and 11 endometriosis\u2010free controls. Endometriotic lesions (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200949) and normal peritoneum (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200913) from endometriosis patients were obtained during laparoscopy, while samples of eutopic endometrium from patients with endometriosis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200928) and from control women (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200911) were collected in the operating room using a flexible device. TSPO mRNA expression was evaluated by quantitative reverse\u2010transcription real\u2010time PCR while protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody antihuman TSPO. TSPO mRNA expression was detected in an invariable fashion in all tissue types evaluated; however, TSPO protein was found to be more abundant in the glandular epithelium than in the stroma, both in the endometrium and in the endometriotic lesions. Interestingly, hormone therapies did not alter the expression of TSPO, and its presence was mostly negative in tissues adjacent to endometriotic implants. As a proof of concept, the protein expression pattern of TSPO in endometriotic tissue and along the adjacent areas suggests that TSPO\u2010based molecular imaging might be used for noninvasive endometriosis detection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.12157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T08:00:31Z","timestamp":1711008031000},"page":"898-906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Translocator protein\u00a0expression and localization in human endometrium and endometriosis: A potential target for a noninvasive diagnosis?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Ma\u00edra","family":"Casalechi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Dela 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