{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T03:53:55Z","timestamp":1778212435839,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Biology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> spp. are protozoans with a digenetic life cycle responsible for causing tegumentary and visceral leishmaniasis. <jats:italic>Leishmania (L.) amazonensis<\/jats:italic> is the second most prevalent dermotropic species in Brazil. Infection in humans and other mammals takes place when phagocytes, mainly macrophages, uptake the parasite. Many proteins on the phagocytic cell surface participate in <jats:italic>Leishmania<\/jats:italic> phagocytosis. In this study, we evaluated the role of surface protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in phagocytosis and infection of macrophages by <jats:italic>L. amazonensis<\/jats:italic>. PDI is the second most abundant chaperone in the endoplasmic reticulum. A unique study in the literature associated the presence of PDI on the macrophage surface with increased phagocytosis by <jats:italic>Leishmania (L.) infantum<\/jats:italic> (syn <jats:italic>L. chagasi<\/jats:italic>), the species most frequently associated with visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas. In the present work we evaluated <jats:italic>L. amazonensis<\/jats:italic> infections in transgenic FVB\/NJ mice overexpressing PDI (TgPDIA1). We validated the presence of PDI on their macrophages surface by flow cytometry. We demonstrated that infection of macrophages pretreated with anti\u2010PDI antibodies was lower compared to control cells. Accordingly, we showed that the overexpression of PDI increased the adhesion of parasites and infection of macrophages. We also demonstrated that macrophages overexpressing PDI internalize more zymosan particles. In vivo imaging of infections with luciferase\u2010expressing parasites in wild\u2010type and TgPDIA1 mice indicated that the overexpression of PDI was not associated with significant differences in footpad lesions and parasite burden, probably due to the ubiquitous overexpression of PDI and the roles of this molecule in other immune system functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.70020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T01:13:08Z","timestamp":1743815588000},"page":"785-797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Macrophage Protein Disulfide Isomerase Increases Infection by <i>Leishmania amazonensis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Guilherme M. P.","family":"Carrara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4364-6648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme A.","family":"Souza\u2010Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tania C. 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