{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T20:31:42Z","timestamp":1768595502175,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Biology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Periodontitis is caused by the interaction between dental plaque and various risk factors, leading to the pathological loss of periodontal tissues. However, the traditional methods for periodontitis treatment is insufficient for controlling inflammation and promoting periodontal tissue regeneration. The current study attempts to investigate if M2 macrophages can contribute to inflammation control and periodontal tissue regeneration by transplanting macrophages pretreated with gingival mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium (GMSCs\u2010CM) into periodontal defects of rats with experimental periodontitis. GMSCs\u2010CM were acquired from the culture medium of GMSCs and concentrated. The Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) was also concentrated as control conditioned medium(C\u2010CM). In vitro, macrophages induced from THP\u20101 were treated by C\u2010CM and GMSCs\u2010CM. Total RNA was extracted for real\u2010time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT\u2010PCR) analysis to assess the mRNA expression of Arg\u20101, CD206, IL\u201010, TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20106. In vivo, 40 periodontal tissue defects were created around the first molar of rats with experimental periodontitis and received one of the 4 treatments:PBS, C\u2010CM treated macrophages, nontreated macrophages and GMSCs\u2010CM treated macrophages. Paraffin slices were procedured for HE staining, modified Masson staining and immunohistochemical staining of TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106, IL\u201010, CD163 and iNOS. Our findings revealed that significant upregulation of IL\u201010 and CD206 mRNA expression, along with downregulation of TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20106 in GMSCs\u2010CM in vitro treated macrophages. In rats, the height of newly formed alveolar bone in GMSCs\u2010CM treated group was significantly greater than those in the other three groups. In GMSCs\u2010CM treated group, the immunohistochemical expression of CD163 and iNOS was significantly increased while IL\u20106 and TNF\u2010\u03b1 were significantly decreased. However, IL\u201010 was significantly most expressed in nontreated macrophages group. These results support our hypothesis that the transplantation of GMSCs\u2010CM treated macrophages has the potential to facilitate periodontal tissue regeneration through their effectively managing local inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.70104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T09:40:31Z","timestamp":1763718031000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Transplantation of Macrophages Pretreated With Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Medium as a Potential Cell Therapy for Promoting Periodontal Tissue Regeneration in Rats With Experimental Periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4915-2658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of 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