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In this study, a single small molecule inhibitor of the BMP pathway, LDN193189, was able to directly reprogram goat ear fibroblasts into Chemically induced Mammary Epithelial Cells (CiMECs) in vitro within 8 days. The generated CiMECs displayed typical epithelial morphology, expressed key mammary epithelial markers (including KRT8\/14\/18\/19, CD49f, and EpCAM), and exhibited potent secretory functions: they could form lipid droplets and produce milk proteins such as lactoferrin (LTF) and \u03b1S2\u2010casein (\u03b1S2\u2010CSN). Single\u2010cell RNA sequencing revealed a stepwise reprogramming trajectory: starting from mesenchymal\u2013epithelial transition (MET), through ectoderm\u2010like and epidermal\u2010like intermediate states to differentiate into basal and lumenal mammary epithelial cells, which involves multiple signaling pathways related to mammary gland development, such as TGF\u2010\u03b2, MAPK, and PI3K\u2010Akt. Functionally, CiMECs could self\u2010assemble in vitro to form three\u2010dimensional mammary\u2010like organs. In addition, in vivo transplantation experiments in nude mice showed that these CiMECs survived and contributed to ductal\u2010 and basal\u2010like tissue structures, confirming their in vivo regenerative potential. In conclusion, this study establishes a simple somatic cell\u2010based platform with a well\u2010defined chemical composition to efficiently generate functional mammary epithelial cells, providing an important model for mammary developmental studies and opening up promising strategies for regenerative medicine and bioreactor engineering applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.70173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T08:01:02Z","timestamp":1780646462000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chemical Reprogramming of Fibroblasts to Functional Mammary Epithelial Cells via a Single BMP Inhibitor"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Quanhui","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Guangxi University Nanning Guangxi 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