{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T12:05:07Z","timestamp":1789733107527,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cell Biology International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gastric cancer (GC) remains a leading cause of cancer\u2010related mortality, with chemoresistance posing a critical barrier to effective treatment. Tumor\u2010associated macrophages (TAMs), particularly the immunosuppressive M2\u2010polarized subset, are emerging as pivotal mediators of chemoresistance within the tumor microenvironment (TME). TAMs promote resistance through multifaceted mechanisms, including activation of pro\u2010survival signaling pathways, induction of epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition (EMT), and enhancement of angiogenesis. For instance, M2\u2010like TAMs secrete CXCL5, which activates the PI3K\/AKT\/mTOR axis in GC cells, thereby conferring resistance to 5\u2010fluorouracil (5\u2010FU). Similarly, TMEM, a transmembrane protein overexpressed in cisplatin\u2010resistant GC, drives M2 polarization of TAMs via the Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin pathway, further amplifying drug resistance and tumor progression. Clinical studies reveal that high TAM infiltration correlates with poor chemotherapy response and reduced survival in GC patients. This review synthesizes current evidence on TAM\u2010driven chemoresistance in GC, highlighting the molecular interplay between TAMs, tumor cells, and stromal components. It underscores the potential of TAM\u2010centric therapies\u2014including checkpoint inhibitors, epigenetic modulators, and combination regimens\u2014to overcome resistance and improve clinical outcomes. By integrating preclinical insights and clinical data, this work provides a roadmap for developing precision therapies that exploit TAM biology to enhance chemosensitivity in GC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.70203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T11:24:30Z","timestamp":1787743470000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tumor\u2010Associated Macrophages in the Chemoresistant Microenvironment of Gastric Cancer: Key Mechanisms and Intercellular Crosstalk"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5148-3497","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saeb Younis","family":"Abdul\u2010Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia Techniques, Health and Medical Techniques College Alnoor University Mosul Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulkareem","family":"Shareef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ahl al Bayt University Kerbala Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. 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