{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:36:49Z","timestamp":1788871009981,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,23]],"date-time":"2015-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1424649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Public Health Institute of Iceland"},{"name":"the scientific fund of Landspitali University Hospital"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Criminal Behav Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a strong correlation between severe mental illness and criminality, but little is known about how these two problem areas together may affect health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this paper is to compare survival rates of male psychiatric inpatients over a 25\u2010year period who have and have not been subject to imprisonment, allowing for nature of psychiatric morbidity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A nationwide cohort of men who had ever been psychiatric inpatients was identified from Icelandic data\u2010registers, and their diagnoses after first discharge, cumulative incidence of imprisonment, and mortality established from records. Using a nested case\u2010control design, survival differences were determined between those ever imprisoned and those never imprisoned.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Between January 1983 and March 2008, 7665 men were admitted to psychiatric wards in Iceland, of whom 812 (10.6%) had served a prison sentence during that time. Cumulative incidence of imprisonment was highest in the youngest age group (21%). Substance use and personality disorders were more common amongst those imprisoned. All\u2010cause mortality, adjusted for diagnosis, age, and year of admission, was twice as high amongst those imprisoned as those not imprisoned (Hazard ratio\u2009=\u20092.0, 95% CI 1.5\u20132.6,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings indicate that psychiatric inpatients with criminal records should receive special attention with respect to all aspects of their health, not only within psychiatric services but also through more collaboration between the healthcare and judicial systems. Copyright \u00a9 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.1944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,23]],"date-time":"2015-02-23T01:15:00Z","timestamp":1424654100000},"page":"6-17","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mental disorder, imprisonment and reduced life expectancy \u2013 A nationwide psychiatric inpatient cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8320-5607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steinn","family":"Steingrimsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Services Landspitali \u2013 The National University Hospital of Iceland  Reykjavik Iceland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland  Reykjavik Iceland"},{"name":"Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health (CELAM), Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy The University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin I.","family":"Sigurdsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafdis","family":"Gudmundsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prison and Probation Administration of Iceland  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thor","family":"Aspelund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Magnusson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Services Landspitali \u2013 The National University Hospital of Iceland  Reykjavik Iceland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2009.01474.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-6-51"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07740-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.096370"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-8-92"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08039488.2012.654509"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.173.1.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.06.029587"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511489280"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-007-9134-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","volume-title":"Nordisk statistikk for kriminalomsorgen i Danmark, Finland, Island, Norge og Sverige 2002 \u2010 2006","author":"Kristoffersen R","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co\u2010Operation and Development (OECD)(2011)OECD Health Data 2011.http:\/\/www.oecd.org\/[1 june 2012]"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.153.3.313"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12066"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","article-title":"Pre\u2010sentence mental health service use predicts post\u2010sentence mortality in a population cohort of first\u2010time adult offenders","author":"Sodhi\u2010Berry N","year":"2014","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03954.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.05151.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12221"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.085100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization(1994)The ICD\u201010 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. Conversion tables between ICD\u20108 ICD\u20109 and ICD\u201010. Revision 1. Document number: WHO\/MNH\/9216REV1.http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/62577\/1\/WHO_MNH_92.16.Rev.1.pdf?ua=1[ 1 June 2012]"}],"container-title":["Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcbm.1944","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbm.1944","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T20:21:54Z","timestamp":1696623714000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbm.1944"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,23]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbm.1944"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbm.1944","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-9664","1471-2857"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-9664","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2857","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,23]]}}}