{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:19:15Z","timestamp":1791422355472,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,26]],"date-time":"2016-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R24DA024868\u201005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R24DA024868\u201005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Criminal Behav Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is unclear whether adult offenders with a history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are more likely to re\u2010offend, and if so, in any specific offences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to examine correlates of childhood ADHD symptoms among prisoners.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A randomly selected sample of 1179 participants from the adult sentenced population of Puerto Rico (USA) reported their history of violent and non\u2010violent offences, age of first arrest and re\u2010offending. Participants completed retrospective measures of ADHD and a diagnostic interview for substance use disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Self\u2010reported ADHD was associated with age of first arrest, a number of violent and non\u2010violent offences and re\u2010offending. The association with any non\u2010violent offending was explained statistically by substance use disorders and other psychosocial covariates. ADHD was independently associated with being under 15\u2009years of age at first arrest and with re\u2010offending.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although some associations between ADHD and offending may be accounted for by co\u2010morbidity with substance use disorders, early onset of offending and repeated violent offending appear to be directly related to ADHD. Criminal justice policies should, therefore, incorporate ADHD screening accompanied by appropriate rehabilitation programmes when such neurodevelopmental disorder is identified. Copyright \u00a9 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,26]],"date-time":"2016-07-26T11:12:48Z","timestamp":1469531568000},"page":"443-456","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms, type of offending and recidivism in a prison population: The role of substance dependence"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jan C.","family":"Rom\u00e1n\u2010Ithier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0482-7318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael A.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mental Health, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"Center for Evaluation and Sociomedical Research, Graduate School of Public Health University of Puerto Rico  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda C.","family":"V\u00e9lez\u2010Pastrana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evaluation and Sociomedical Research, Graduate School of Public Health University of Puerto Rico  San Juan Puerto Rico"},{"name":"Clinical Psychology PhD Program Carlos Albizu University  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria M.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Tejera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen E.","family":"Albizu\u2010Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evaluation and Sociomedical Research, Graduate School of Public Health University of Puerto Rico  San Juan Puerto Rico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08897077.2011.620462"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00452"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00214.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/ADA-100101871"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09585189908402163"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07026-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"An epidemiological study of attention\u2010deficit hyperactivity disorder and major depression in a male prison population","volume":"22","author":"Eyestone LL","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-10-112"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054713493322"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"159","article-title":"Propiedades psicom\u00e9tricas de la escala de autoinforme Wender Utah Rating Scale para la evaluaci\u00f3n de s\u00edntomas del tdah en adultos\/as puertorrique\u00f1os\/as [Psychometric properties of the Wender Utah Rating Scale for the assessment of ADHD symptoms in Puerto Rican adults]","volume":"23","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez RA","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ciencias de la Conducta"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054712461690"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2009.01.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2012.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.163.4.716"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.2711378851"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.14.6.367.24075"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199109000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820190067007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.4.493"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2007.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.12.2.240","article-title":"Discriminant validity of the Wender Utah Rating Scale for attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in adults","volume":"12","author":"McCann BS","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/hpu.2011.0084"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2004.00740.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1350\/ijps.4.4.344.10873"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-004-0470-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2009.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0160-2527(94)00023-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-004-0516-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318033ff59"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/217919"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2005.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.048827"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","volume-title":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 13","author":"StataCorp","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000171"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","first-page":"885","article-title":"The Wender Utah Rating Scale: an aid in the retrospective diagnosis of childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","volume":"150","author":"Ward MF","year":"1993","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","first-page":"91","volume-title":"The Handbook of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","author":"Young S","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291716000039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714000762"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715000598"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2011.600319"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881110370502"}],"container-title":["Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcbm.2009","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcbm.2009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbm.2009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T07:20:20Z","timestamp":1695972020000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbm.2009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,26]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbm.2009"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbm.2009","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-9664","1471-2857"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-9664","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2857","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,26]]}}}