{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T04:15:15Z","timestamp":1792556115062,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,20]],"date-time":"2017-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Criminal Behav Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although it is well established that prisoners commonly have histories of childhood trauma, little is known about mediators between exposure to trauma and criminal behaviour.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Hypotheses<\/jats:title><jats:p>We hypothesised that the experience of trauma in adulthood, post\u2010traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and emotional dysregulation would mediate the relationship between childhood traumatic events and later criminal behaviour.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty\u2010nine female prisoners were interviewed using standardised scales, in a cross\u2010sectional study design. History of traumatic events, DSM\u20105 PTSD and emotional regulation were assessed, along with offending and demographic information. A series of regression and mediation analyses were undertaken on the data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Almost all (91%) of the 89 women reported both childhood and adulthood trauma. Over half (58%) met the criteria for DSM\u20105 PTSD. Multiple traumas were significantly associated with seriousness of offence, as indicated by sentence length. Adult experience of trauma was the only significant mediator between childhood trauma and subsequent offending.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions\/implications for practice<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women who have experienced multiple traumatic events may be more likely to commit serious offences, so it is very important to assess and meet their trauma\u2010related needs. While prisons should never be used as substitutes for healthcare facilities, when women or girls are sent to prison, the opportunity for constructive interventions must be seized. Copyright \u00a9 2017 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,20]],"date-time":"2017-06-20T15:08:37Z","timestamp":1497971317000},"page":"72-84","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Multiple traumatic experiences, post\u2010traumatic stress disorder and offending behaviour in female prisoners"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3002-0630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thanos","family":"Karatzias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Social Care Edinburgh Napier University  Edinburgh UK"},{"name":"NHS Lothian, Rivers Centre for Traumatic Stress  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Power","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Tayside, Psychological Therapies Service  UK"},{"name":"School of Natural Sciences Stirling University  Stirling UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Woolston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Forth Valley, Behavioural Psychotherapy Service  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prathima","family":"Apurva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Forth Valley, Behavioural Psychotherapy Service  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amelie","family":"Begley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Social Care Edinburgh Napier University  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khadija","family":"Mirza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Forth Valley, Behavioural Psychotherapy Service  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Conway","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Forth Valley, Behavioural Psychotherapy Service  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carol","family":"Quinn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Forth Valley, Behavioural Psychotherapy Service  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Jowett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Social Care Edinburgh Napier University  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Social Care Edinburgh Napier University  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allister","family":"Purdie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HMP YOI Cornton Vale Scottish Prison Service  Stirling UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480701352348"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"BernsteinDP FinkL(1998)Childhood Trauma Questionnaire: A retrospective self\u2010report: Manual. 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