{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T12:03:27Z","timestamp":1775822607538,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]],"date-time":"2017-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000824","name":"Home Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000824","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000866","name":"Cardiff University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000866","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Criminal Behav Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hate crimes \u2013 those perpetrated because of perceived difference, including disability, race, religion, sexual orientation or transgender status \u2013 have not been studied at the point of the victim's hospital emergency department (ED) use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the frequency, levels of physical harm and circumstances of targeted violence in those seeking treatment at EDs in three UK cities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a multimethods study, face\u2010to\u2010face semi\u2010structured interviews were conducted with 124 adult ED attenders with violent injuries. Victim and perpetrator socio\u2010demographics were recorded. Patient narratives about perceived motives and circumstances were transcribed, uploaded onto NVivo for thematic analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nearly a fifth (23, 18.5%) of the injured patients considered themselves to have been attacked by others motivated by hostility or prejudice to their \u2018difference\u2019 (targeted violence). Thematic analyses suggested these prejudices were to appearance (7 cases), racial tension (5 cases), territorial association (3 cases) and race, religious or sexual orientation (8 cases). According to victims, alcohol intoxication was particularly relevant in targeted violence (estimated reported frequency 90% and 56% for targeted and non\u2010targeted violence, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings support a broader concept of hate victimisation and suggest that emergency room violence surveys could act as a community tension sensor and early warning system in this regard. Tackling alcohol misuse seems as important in this as in other forms of violence perpetration. Copyright \u00a9 2017 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,20]],"date-time":"2017-12-20T01:52:37Z","timestamp":1513734757000},"page":"295-308","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Injury resulting from targeted violence: An emergency department perspective"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9812-6100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vaseekaran","family":"Sivarajasingam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Violence Research Group Cardiff University, School of Dentistry  Cardiff CF14 4XY UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Read","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Violence Research Group Cardiff University, School of Dentistry  Cardiff CF14 4XY UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Svobodova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Violence Research Group Cardiff University, School of Dentistry  Cardiff CF14 4XY UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Wight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Violence Research Group Cardiff University, School of Dentistry  Cardiff CF14 4XY UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Violence Research Group Cardiff University, School of Dentistry  Cardiff CF14 4XY UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1362480612439432"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781473918108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"The Leicester Hate Crime Project: Findings and Conclusions","author":"Chakraborti N","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Hate Crime Operational Guidance","author":"College of Policing","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"Corcoran H. Lader D. &Smith K.(2015).Hate crime England and Wales 2014\/15. Home Office Statistical Bulletin."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088626099014002003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"Crime and Disorder Act 1998. 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Equality and Human Rights Commission (Scotland)."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674040014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azi016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00036840500397341"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1540-4560.00262"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics 2011. 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