{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T04:22:39Z","timestamp":1783570959941,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,6]],"date-time":"2018-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1541462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Criminal Behav Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Safe alternatives to custody for offenders with mental disorder are vital, not least as self\u2010harm, and violence rates are rising among them in prisons. In England and Wales, the Criminal Justice Act 2003 allows a mental health treatment requirement (MHTR) to supplement a community or suspended prison sentence, but this combination is poorly understood and rarely sought.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore offenders' perspectives on the MHTR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We interviewed all 25 consenting offenders under an MHTR in two probation areas. Verbatim transcripts of their audio\u2010taped narratives were analysed using grounded theory methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Their core concern was \u201cinstability,\u201d characterised by many health and social difficulties and resolved by achieving stability, which included not reoffending as well as becoming healthy, substance free, and \u201chaving a life.\u201d Most considered that the MHTR helped their motivation and service provision, but some cited poor supervisor accessibility, supervisor role confusion, and sense of stigma under the order as stressful and threatening good outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This first account of offenders' perspectives on the MHTR suggests a model in which, under it, offenders see themselves making progress as courts require. They understand the risk of return to court and imprisonment if in breach. This model of understanding how MHTRs work could provide for professional guidance and evaluation of their effectiveness.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]],"date-time":"2018-11-07T02:51:26Z","timestamp":1541559086000},"page":"492-502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Serving a community sentence with a mental health treatment requirement: Offenders' perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Abigail","family":"Manjunath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fromeside, Blackberry Hill Hospital  Bristol United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Gillham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adult Forensic Services, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust  Manchester United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Samele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Informed Thinking Ltd; Institute of Mental Health, Nottingham; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology &amp; Neuroscience (IoPPN) Kings College  London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3998-6095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pamela J.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences Cardiff University School of Medicine  Cardiff United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"Bradley K.(2009).Lord Bradley's review of people with mental health problems or learning disabilities in the criminal justice system. London: House of Lords.http:\/\/webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/20130105193845\/http:\/\/www.dh.gov.uk\/prod_consum_dh\/groups\/dh_digitalassets\/documents\/digitalasset\/dh_098698.pdfaccessed 03\/10\/2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14789949.2012.704640"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","unstructured":"Corston J.(2007).The Corston report: A report by Baroness Jean Corston of a review of women with particular vulnerabilities in the criminal justice system. London: Home Office.http:\/\/www.justice.gov.uk\/publications\/docs\/corston\u2010report\u2010march\u20102007.pdfaccessed 03\/10\/2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","unstructured":"Criminal Justice Act2003. Chapter 44.http:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/2003\/44\/pdfs\/ukpga_20030044_en.pdfaccessed 03\/10\/2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61053-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.096370"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f2216"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","volume-title":"The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research","author":"Glaser B. G.","year":"1967"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","unstructured":"Khanom H. Samele C. Rutherford M.(2009).A missed opportunity? Community sentences and the mental health treatment requirement. Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health.http:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.627.1651&rep=rep1&type=pdfaccessed 03\/10\/2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2007.58.6.773","article-title":"Understanding and preventing criminal recidivism among adults with psychotic disorders","volume":"58","author":"Lamberti S. J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mair G. May C.(1997).Offenders on probation. Home Office Research Study 167. London: Home Office.http:\/\/www.ohrn.nhs.uk\/resource\/Policy\/OffendersonProbation.pdfaccessed 03\/10\/2018","DOI":"10.1037\/e451792008-001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","unstructured":"Mair G. &Mills H.(2009).The community order and the suspended sentence order three years on: The views and experiences of probation officers and offenders. London: Centre for Crime and Justice Studies.https:\/\/www.crimeandjustice.org.uk\/sites\/crimeandjustice.org.uk\/files\/Three_years_on.pdfaccessed 03\/10\/2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","unstructured":"Mews A. Hiller J. McHugh M.andCoxon C.(2013)The impact of short custodial sentences community orders and suspended sentence orders on re\u2010offending.Ministry of Justice: London.https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/399389\/impact\u2010of\u2010short\u2010custodial\u2010sentences\u2010on\u2010reoffending.PDFaccessed 03\/10\/2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Justice. (2009a).Offender management caseload statistics 2008. London: Ministry of Justice.https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/218068\/offender\u2010management\u2010caseload\u2010statistics\u20102008\u20102.pdfaccessed 03\/10\/2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Justice. (2009b).Story of the prison population 1995\u20132009. Ministry of Justice Statistics Bulletin.http:\/\/www.insidetime.org\/resources\/Prison_Population\/story\u2010prison\u2010population_moj\u20102009.pdfaccessed 03\/10\/2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Justice. (2011).Compendium of reoffending statistics and analysis 2011 London: Ministry of Justice.https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/199232\/2011\u2010compendium\u2010reoffending\u2010stats\u2010analysis.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","volume-title":"Punishment and reform: Effective probation services equality impact assessment\u2014Initial screening","author":"Ministry of Justice","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Justice. (2017a).Safety in custody statistics bulletin England and Wales deaths in prison custody to December 2016 assaults and self\u2010harm to September 2016.https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/595797\/safety\u2010in\u2010custody\u2010quarterly\u2010bulletin.pdfaccessed 03\/10\/2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Justice. (2017b).Offender management statistics bulletin England and Wales quarterly October to December 2016.https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/610969\/offender\u2010management\u2010statistics\u2010bulletin\u2010oct\u2010dec\u20102016.pdfaccessed 03\/10\/2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Justice HM Prison Service and Her Majesty's Prison and Probation Service. (2017).Offender management statistics quarterly. Published:27 April2017.https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/offender\u2010management\u2010statistics\u2010quarterly\u2010october\u2010to\u2010december\u20102016accessed 03\/10\/2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","unstructured":"National Audit Office. (2010).Managing offenders on short custodial sentences.www.nao.org.uk\/publications\/0910\/short_custodial_sentences.aspxaccessed 08\/03\/2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","unstructured":"Prison Reform Trust. (2012).Prison Reform Trust response to the Ministry of Justice consultation Punishment and reform: effective community sentences.http:\/\/www.prisonreformtrust.org.uk\/Portals\/0\/Documents\/effective%20community%20sentences.pdfaccessed 18\/10\/2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","unstructured":"Royal College of Psychiatrists. (2013).Working with MAPPA: Guidance for psychiatrists in England and Wales. Faculty report FR\/FP\/01.https:\/\/www.rcpsych.ac.uk\/pdf\/FR%20FP%2001%20\u2010%20final2013.pdfAccessed 03\/10\/2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","unstructured":"Rutherford M. (2010).Blurring the boundaries. The convergence of mental health and criminal justice policy legislation systems and practice. Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health.http:\/\/www.ohrn.nhs.uk\/resource\/policy\/BlurringtheBoundaries.pdfaccessed 03\/10\/2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"The community order and the mental health treatment requirement","author":"Seymour L.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Health Law"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swartz M. S. Swanson J. W. Steadman H. J. Robbins P. C.andMonahan J.(2009).New York state assisted outpatient program evaluation.https:\/\/static.prisonpolicy.org\/scans\/NYDPH\u2010report.pdfaccessed 03\/10\/2018","DOI":"10.1037\/e502112010-001"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.025791"}],"container-title":["Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcbm.2096","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbm.2096","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T16:39:54Z","timestamp":1694795994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbm.2096"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,6]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbm.2096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbm.2096","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-9664","1471-2857"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-9664","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2857","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-06-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-10-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}