{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T14:40:15Z","timestamp":1747147215631,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5-6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Criminal Behav Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is limited evidence for treatment programmes for offenders with a diagnosis of personality disorder deemed to be of high risk of violence towards others.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study sought to evaluate change in clinician\u2010rated risk of violence in males among offenders accepted to a specialist medium\u2010secure hospital providing treatment based on the Violence Reduction Programme (VRP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective, records\u2010based cohort study design was used to explore change in risk of violence in a sample including five VRP cohorts composed of 33 offenders. Violence risk scale (VRS) score was the primary outcome measure. Correlates of treatment dropout were also explored.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010seven men completed treatment. Paired pretreatment and posttreatment VRS scores were available for 19 men. Six men disengaged with treatment. There was a significant mean reduction in risk of violence score (<jats:italic>d =<\/jats:italic> 1.08). At the individual level, eleven (57%) participants in the VRP showed reliable reduction in risk of violence. No treatment completers with a complete rating pair demonstrated an increased risk of violence. Younger age and referral from prison were significantly associated with treatment dropout.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>VRP\u2010based treatment appears to be a promising intervention for specialist services for offenders with a personality disorder diagnosis in the United Kingdom. Longer term follow\u2010up to ascertain whether these apparent treatment gains are accompanied by actual reduction in violent recidivism is now required, and a full scale trial warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,3]],"date-time":"2019-09-03T02:38:13Z","timestamp":1567478293000},"page":"286-295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Violence Reduction Programme: An exploration of posttreatment risk reduction in a specialist medium\u2010secure unit"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2142-7428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harry","family":"Horgan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Bethlem Royal Hospital  Beckenham London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chloe","family":"Charteris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Bethlem Royal Hospital  Beckenham London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derval","family":"Ambrose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Bethlem Royal Hospital  Beckenham London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/JFP-05-2013-0037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.1829"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14789949.2011.577439"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14789949.2013.862292"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10979-006-9003-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/apt.9.5.349"},{"volume-title":"Violence reduction strategy","year":"2006","author":"Fylan F.","key":"e_1_2_6_10_1"},{"volume-title":"Managing dangerous people with severe personality disorder: Proposals for consultation","year":"1999","author":"Home Office and Department of Health","key":"e_1_2_6_11_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.59.1.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.1835"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191112441242"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.758"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-14-50"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.401"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmh.170"},{"volume-title":"Motivational interviewing: Helping people change","year":"2013","author":"Millner W. 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