{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T08:26:38Z","timestamp":1760171198045,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Criminal Behav Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Liaison and Diversion (L&amp;D) has twin objectives: improving mental health outcomes and reducing re\u2010offending. Early diversion from police custody seems promising, but evidence of benefit is required to sustain such programmes. To test the hypothesis that contact with L&amp;D services while in police custody would lead to improved mental health outcomes and a reduction in type and level of offending, we used a pre\u2013post service use design. National Health Service (NHS) records in two counties were searched for evidence that patients had been involved with L&amp;D services while in police custody during the period July 2009\u2013December 2017. We defined January 2009\u2013July 2014 as the pre\u2010intervention period and any time after contact as the post\u2010intervention period. Data from the Police National Computer were gathered for each period for these individuals, to assess their pre\u2010post L&amp;D contact offending histories. NHS Trust data were similarly gathered to assess their pre\u2010post use of mental health legislation. 4,462 individuals were identified who had used L&amp;D services in police custody. There were statistically significant reductions in the amount of offending following contact with the L&amp;D service (whether one or two contacts), regardless of offence type. Statistically significant reductions were also observed in use of the four most commonly used legislative powers for detaining patients in hospital on mental disorder grounds, regardless of offending status (prolific\/non\u2010prolific). Our results indicate positive associations between the L&amp;D interventions and change in offending and use of compulsory hospital detention. Whilst our research does not allow a direct causal relationship to be established in either area, the findings go beyond other impact assessments of L&amp;D which have either been with small samples or relied only on qualitative data or expert opinion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]],"date-time":"2020-09-27T12:20:06Z","timestamp":1601209206000},"page":"256-267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Are Liaison and Diversion interventions in policing delivering the planned impact: A longitudinal evaluation in two constabularies?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2397-5460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eddie","family":"Kane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6673-4953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Business School, University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jurgen","family":"Mitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Data Research\u2010UK, Advanced Data Analysis Center University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2676-4143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tahseen","family":"Jilani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Data Research\u2010UK, Advanced Data Analysis Center University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Lord Bradley's review of people with mental health problems or learning disabilities in the criminal justice system","year":"2009","author":"Bradley K.","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201300053"},{"volume-title":"Authorised professional practice: Mental health [online]","year":"2020","author":"College of Policing","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1"},{"volume-title":"Liaison and Diversion bulletin number 23","year":"2019","author":"Department of Health","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","DOI":"10.7249\/RR1283"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","DOI":"10.1080\/14789949.2017.1308539"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","DOI":"10.1080\/07418820000096311"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2128"},{"volume-title":"The economic and social costs of crime","year":"2018","author":"Heeks M.","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1"},{"volume-title":"Mental health crisis care concordat: Improving outcomes for people experiencing mental health crisis","year":"2014","author":"HM Government","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1"},{"volume-title":"Improving health, supporting justice: The National Delivery Plan of the Health and Criminal Justice Programme Board","year":"2009","author":"HM Government, Department of Health","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","DOI":"10.1080\/13218719.2018.1504240"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","DOI":"10.1108\/MHRJ-10-2017-0046"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2078"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2058"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.53.10.1266"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","DOI":"10.1111\/hsc.12922"},{"unstructured":"Ministry of Justice. (2017).Prolific offenders\u2014Defining a prolific offender.https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/659655\/prolific-offenders-2017.pdf. Accessed 30 October 2019.","key":"e_1_2_11_19_1"},{"unstructured":"NHS Digital. (2019). Mental health act statistics annual figures England 2018\u201319.https:\/\/files.digital.nhs.uk\/00\/66FBD2\/ment-heal-act-stat-eng-2018-19-summ-rep.pdf. Accessed 16 April 2020.","key":"e_1_2_11_20_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","DOI":"10.1108\/13639510510614573"},{"volume-title":"At risk, yet dismissed: The criminal victimisation of people with mental health problems","year":"2013","author":"Pettitt B.","key":"e_1_2_11_22_1"},{"volume-title":"Law enforcement responses to people with mental illnesses: A guide to research\u2010informed policy and practice","year":"2012","author":"Reuland M.","key":"e_1_2_11_23_1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2112"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201200144"}],"container-title":["Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbm.2166","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cbm.2166","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbm.2166","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,4]],"date-time":"2023-09-04T18:56:55Z","timestamp":1693853815000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbm.2166"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbm.2166"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbm.2166","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-9664","1471-2857"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0957-9664"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-2857"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-11-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-09-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}