{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T20:16:22Z","timestamp":1780344982410,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Criminal Behav Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Being sentenced to imprisonment can be traumatic. This may lead to further negative effects, including reoffending or disorders of mental health. Emerging research, however, has suggested that traumatic events can, at times, also lead to post\u2010traumatic growth, leading us to question whether prisoners could experience this.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our aims were to explore the prevalence of post\u2010traumatic growth in prisoners and any association between this and prisoners' perceptions of the quality of their relationships with staff. Our primary hypothesis was that there would be a positive association between perceptions of the quality of relationships with staff members and post\u2010traumatic growth. We also hypothesised an interaction between staff\u2013prisoner relationships and the extent to which sentencing was experienced as traumatic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Post\u2010traumatic Growth Inventory and the Barrett\u2010Lennard Relationship Inventory were distributed to all 762 prisoners in a high\u2010security prison for adult men in England. First, one\u2010tailed correlations between variables were run, then a hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to test for an interaction between staff\u2013prisoner relationship ratings, trauma of sentencing and post\u2010traumatic growth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Just over one fifth of the men (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 160) returned questionnaires; 76 (48%) had scores indicative of moderate\u2010to\u2010high post\u2010traumatic growth. There was a significant positive association between perceptions of the relationships with staff members and the post\u2010traumatic growth reported. There was no significant interaction between the staff\u2013prisoner relationships and the experience of trauma of imprisonment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study extends understanding of prisoners through finding that higher levels of self\u2010rated post\u2010traumatic growth were associated with experiencing empathy, positive regard, acceptance and genuineness from prison staff. This highlights the need for high\u2010quality relationships to be adopted in all aspects of prison setting and culture and offers further direction for research into such relationships and their role in promoting positive psychological outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T15:14:30Z","timestamp":1603898070000},"page":"49-59","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Post\u2010traumatic growth in prisoners and its association with the quality of staff\u2013prisoner relationships"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2205-9567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"Hearn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department HMP Wakefield  Wakefield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7171-3356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department HMP Wakefield  Wakefield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions","author":"Aiken L. 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