{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T17:12:59Z","timestamp":1784999579084,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1605225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Criminal Behav Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite its abolition in 2012, the indeterminate sentence of Imprisonment for Public Protection (IPP) still casts a long shadow over the justice system. Recall is a growing problem: In June 2020, there were 1,359 recalled IPP prisoners. Research documents the negative mental health implications of initial imprisonment under an IPP sentence; however, little is known about experiences on licence, or post\u2010recall.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explain how recalled IPP prisoners perceive being on licence, and in prison post\u2010recall, to affect their mental wellbeing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We draw on 31 interviews with recalled IPP prisoners, conducted for a wider project exploring the high rates of IPP recall.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three themes emerged: a perpetual state of anxiety about recall and spending additional years behind bars; self\u2010imposed social isolation, both in the community and in prison; and a profound sense of hopelessness. People often feel trapped in an unjust and inevitable cycle of imprisonment, with little faith in a positive future.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The government must make structural changes to stop the revolving door of IPP recall. In the short term, confidential mental health support should be available to people serving IPPs in prison and the community.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]],"date-time":"2020-11-13T18:21:14Z","timestamp":1605291674000},"page":"331-340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["\u2018I'm always walking on eggshells, and there's no chance of me ever being free\u2019: The mental health implications of Imprisonment for Public Protection in the community and post\u2010recall"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1390-9649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mia","family":"Harris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department Prison Reform Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimmett","family":"Edgar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department Prison Reform Trust  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Consultant Researcher, Writer and Trainer  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"\u2018Frustrations within\u2019: Imprisonment for public protection (IPP)","volume":"201","author":"Addicott P.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Prison Service Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"Sentences of imprisonment for public protection","author":"Beard J.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0264550509354672"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hojo.12306"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(02)00091-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","volume-title":"Prison health Twelfth Report of Session 2017\u201319","author":"House of Commons Health and Social Care Committee","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Indeterminate sentences for public protection (IPPs): Preventing self\u2010harm and deaths in custody","author":"Independent Advisory Panel in Deaths in Custody","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.07.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"Understanding desistance from crime","author":"Maruna S.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","volume-title":"Safety in custody: Quarterly update to December 2019","author":"Ministry of Justice","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"Mental health in prisons","author":"National Audit Office","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2201039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2017.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"The dark: The mental health implications of Imprisonment for Public Protection","author":"Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","volume-title":"Too many bends in the tunnel? Women serving indeterminate sentences of IPP \u2010 what are the barriers to risk reduction, release and resettlement?","author":"Smart S.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7893.2010.00238.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sltb.12428"}],"container-title":["Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbm.2180","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cbm.2180","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbm.2180","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T22:54:15Z","timestamp":1693695255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbm.2180"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbm.2180"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbm.2180","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-9664","1471-2857"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-9664","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2857","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-05-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}