{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T23:08:34Z","timestamp":1760828914919,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000155","name":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Criminal Behav Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Various combinations of childhood conduct problems, callous traits and anxiety may confer increased risk of offending, psychopathic traits and mental disorders. Knowledge of these outcomes in adulthood is limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare adult criminal convictions, psychopathy checklist scores and mental disorders between five groups of men, variously defined in childhood by: (1) callous traits, (2) conduct problems, (3) conduct problems and callous traits, (4) conduct problems and callous traits and anxiety or (5) developing typically.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Teachers rated conduct problems, callous traits and anxiety at ages 6, 10 and 12 years. Criminal convictions from age 12 to 24 were extracted from official records. The Psychopathy Checklist\u2010Revised (PCL\u2010R) and diagnostic interviews were completed at age 33.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Relative to the typically developing group, the groups with conduct problems, with and without callous traits and anxiety, showed 5\u2010fold elevations in risks of violent convictions and 3 to 4\u2010fold elevations in risk for antisocial personality disorder, while the groups with conduct problems only and with conduct problems plus callous traits plus anxiety were at increased risk for borderline personality disorder. All risk groups obtained higher PCL\u2010R total scores than the typically developing childhood group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is widely accepted that childhood conduct problems in boys are associated with increased risks of criminal convictions and poorer mental health, but our findings suggest that teachers can identify different subgroups and these have different trajectories. As some subgroups were small, replication is recommended, but our findings offer preliminary support for trialling specific interventions for at risk boys.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]],"date-time":"2020-12-22T22:13:21Z","timestamp":1608675201000},"page":"60-76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["How do childhood conduct problems, callousness and anxiety relate to later offending and adult mental disorder?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4279-6524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean\u2010Marie","family":"Bamvita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"GRIP, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Larm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research Uppsala University V\u00e4stmanland County Council  V\u00e4ster\u00e5s Sweden"},{"name":"Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frank","family":"Vitaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GRIP, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Research Group on Child Psychosocial Maladjustment Montr\u00e9al and School of Psycho\u00e9ducation Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Tremblay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Psychiatry University of Montreal  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"School of Public Health University College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilles","family":"C\u00f4t\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychology Department Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec \u00e0 Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res  Trois\u2010Rivi\u00e8res Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"Institut Philippe\u2010Pinel de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheilagh","family":"Hodgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GRIP, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Psychiatrie Institut Universitaire en Sant\u00e9 Mentale de Montr\u00e9al Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al  Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,22]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Police\u2010reported crime statistics in Canada, 2015","year":"2015","author":"Allen M.","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.925"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2008.22.6.604"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12930"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.188.5.423"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","unstructured":"C\u00f4t\u00e9 G. Hodgins S. Ross D. &Toupin J.(1995).L'\u00e9chelle de psychopathie de Hare: Un instrument et la validation de sa version fran\u00e7aise. InJ. M.L\u00e9ger(Ed.) Compte rendu du Congr\u00e8s de psychiatrie et de neurologie de langue fran\u00e7aise(pp.511\u2013526).Paris:Masson."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2014.979934"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/per0000021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-013-9726-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-013-9958-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000317"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The development of offending from age 8 to age 50: Recent results from the Cambridge study in delinquent development","author":"Farrington D. 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