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Decisions to participate in such instrumental crimes, however, are based on external and internal factors that could be investigated and perhaps modified.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify drug use problems and personality factors consistently related to the drug trafficking recidivism among incarcerated drug dealers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were from 179 men serving a sentence for drug trafficking in two Brazilian penitentiaries who were asked to complete mainly self\u2010ratings of alcohol and drug use, impulsiveness, personality and criminological features. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and structured equation modelling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Incarcerated recidivist drug dealers are younger, more likely to be non\u2010white, have more frequently used illicit drugs before the penalty and have higher alcohol use\u2010severity than non\u2010recidivists. Neuroticism, extraversion, severity of alcohol use and drug use before the penalty were each positively correlated with recidivism. Openness to experience was not associated with a history of recidivism but, rather, positively correlated with better school achievement. One third of the men took up the offer of feedback from the research assessment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study showed that social, drug\u2010related and personality style variables come together to allow likely recidivist drug dealers to be distinguished from those unlikely to resume dealing after imprisonment. Given scarce resources for constructive intervention, this is important. We were impressed by the men's willingness to co\u2010operate with the study, despite their reputation for being in thrall to the drug trade hierarchy, and by their curiosity about themselves. This bodes well for further investigation of relevant psychological indicators and consequently informed intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T06:06:47Z","timestamp":1632982007000},"page":"387-398","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Personality\u2010related factors among incarcerated recidivist drug dealers: A path analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Annalu Moreira","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences Sexual Disorders Outpatient Clinic (ABSex) Faculdade de Medicina do ABC  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriano Moura","family":"de Meneses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences Sexual Disorders Outpatient Clinic (ABSex) Faculdade de Medicina do ABC  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renata Almeida","family":"de Souza Aranha e Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences Sexual Disorders Outpatient Clinic (ABSex) Faculdade de Medicina do ABC  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2102-9887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo Antonio","family":"Baltieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences Sexual Disorders Outpatient Clinic (ABSex) Faculdade de Medicina do ABC  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry ABC Medical School  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(99)00124-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","volume-title":"Drugs & democracy in Rio de Janeiro. 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