{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T04:48:25Z","timestamp":1766983705662,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]],"date-time":"2023-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Criminal Behav Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the Netherlands, young offenders who have been convicted of a particularly serious offence may be subjected to a so\u2010called \u2018Placement in an Institution for Juveniles\u2019 (PIJ) measure if they are considered to pose a high ongoing risk to public safety. They form a rarely studied distinct group. Treatment in specialist forensic custodial institutions for young people (FYCI) is an intervention of last resort and costly. The most serious young offenders tend to be the hardest to rehabilitate while preventing further offending. Treatment is focussed on reducing risk of harm as well as improving health and other protective factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To explore the contribution of treatment in an FYCI under a forensic treatment order\u2014the PIJ\u2010measure\u2014to the reduction of risk of reoffending.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a pre\u2013post intervention study, the <jats:italic>Juvenile Forensic Profile<\/jats:italic> (JFP) was used to score complete case files of 178 young offenders at the start and end of their placement in an FYCI under the PIJ\u2010measure, 59% of those serving between the years 2013 and 2016 inclusive. The JFP covers risk and protective factors in seven domains encompassing criminal behaviour, family, environment, risk factors, psychopathology, psychology and behaviour during incarceration. Change or stability in scores was tested against reincarceration within 2\u00a0years of PIJ\u2010measure completion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Impulse control and alcohol and drug use problems showed the greatest improvements. Behaviour that deteriorates during the stay is primarily related to obtaining more autonomy during reintegration efforts, including furlough. Reincarceration in the 2\u00a0years of community follow\u2010up was unusual (13.5%). The two main variables associated with reincarceration were problematic behaviour during the pre\u2010discharge year and lack of behavioural improvement during treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Outcomes of mandatory treatment in this group of serious young offenders have not previously been studied in a rigorous pre\u2013post intervention study design. We found evidence of an overall tendency to improvement over time in mental state and social skills, reflected by risk assessment scale scores. Continued substance use problems while incarcerated and continuing social skills deficits were most strongly associated with reincarceration suggests a possible need for review of these areas in the PIJ\u2010measure programme. Results contribute to knowledge about risk assessment, treatment and preventions of harms by serious young offenders and may inform evidence\u2010based policies and practices in the Netherlands and beyond.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]],"date-time":"2023-01-29T17:29:32Z","timestamp":1675013372000},"page":"33-45","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Young offenders in forensic institutions in the Netherlands after committing serious crimes: Contribution of mandatory treatment and reduction of reincarceration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9160-6811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joni","family":"Reef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Criminal Law and Criminology Faculty of Law University of Leiden  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marije","family":"Jeltes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Children's Rights Faculty of Law University of Leiden  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yannick","family":"van den Brink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eddy","family":"Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Justice Headquarter Correctional Institutions Agency  Den Haag The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.4.403"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2010.07.023"},{"volume-title":"Manual for the child behavior checklist\/4\u201318 and 1991 profile","year":"1991","author":"Achenbach T. 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