{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T04:22:31Z","timestamp":1783570951683,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Criminal Behav Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Growing evidence of mental disorders among people going through the criminal justice system suggests the potential benefit of courts adding a Mental Health Treatment Requirement (MHTR) when sentencing an offender to a Community Order (sentence) in England and Wales. Although available since 2003, MHTRs have not been widely used, and there is little evidence on outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To conduct the first large\u2010scale evaluation of mental health outcomes of people with an MHTR as part of their community sentence across multiple sites in England and Wales.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were collected from 14 sites in England and Wales about individuals who were given an MHTR as part of a community sentence. They were assessed before and after this. During the MHTR, they received a psychotherapeutic intervention by assistant psychologists in a primary care framework. Measures of psychological distress (Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation\u2014Outcome Measure), anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder\u20107) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire) were completed before the MHTR was implemented and after completion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Where paired sample <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests and Wilcoxon signed ranked tests were used, with samples ranging between 309 and 447 individuals, clinically significant changes were obtained for all measures. Most individuals (63%) were identified as experiencing a reliable change in at least two out of the three scales. Finally, a negative linear relationship, between measures at the start of the intervention and reliable change, was identified with higher pre\u2010measures, indicating that more initial distress, anxiety and\/or depression were associated with more sizeable changes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This paper provides the first substantial evidence in support of the MHTR within a primary mental healthcare framework as an effective pathway to reduce mental health problems among individuals under probation supervision as part of a sentence after conviction for a criminal offence. This supports the expansion of the provision across England and Wales. Future research should take account of the non\u2010completers and explore the relationship between the MHTR, mental health improvements and reoffending.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T07:49:16Z","timestamp":1695455356000},"page":"386-396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Mental health outcomes for those who have offended and have been given a Mental Health Treatment Requirement as part of a Community Order in England and Wales"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1843-2234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Callender","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Public Safety, Crime and Justice University of Northampton  Northampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greta Arancia","family":"Sanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Public Safety, Crime and Justice University of Northampton  Northampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Cahalin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Public Safety, Crime and Justice University of Northampton  Northampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14733140600581218"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5964\/pch.v8i1.309"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14789949.2012.704640"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","volume-title":"Inside out: The case for improving mental health care across the criminal justice system","author":"Brooker C.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","volume-title":"Primary Care Mental Health Treatment Requirement (MHTR) practitioner manual","author":"Callender M.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","volume-title":"Community Sentence Treatment Requirement Multisite Report July 2020\u2013January 2022","author":"Callender M.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the social sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"Criminal Justice Act 2003. (2003).Legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved November 28 2022 fromhttps:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/2003\/44\/contents"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"HCR\u201020V3: Assessing risk for violence \u2010 User guide","author":"Douglas K. 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(2021).Mental Health in Prison \u2010\u00a0Fifth report of session 2021\u201322.House of Commons."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","volume-title":"A missed opportunity? Community sentences and the Mental Health Treatment Requirement","author":"Khanom H.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525\u20101497.2001.016009606.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/jcp\u201001\u20102018\u20100003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0264550511409965"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2096"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsw\/bcaa111"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","unstructured":"NHS England and NHS Improvement. (2022).Mental Health Treatment Requirement (MHTR) Operating and Commissioning Framework: Version 2.NHS England and NHS Improvement."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467\u20109280.00287"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","unstructured":"Scott G. &Moffatt S.(2012).The Mental Health Treatment Requirement. Realising a better future.Centre for Mental Health."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e4483"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468\u20102667(19)30245\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","unstructured":"Sentencing Council. (2020).Sentencing offenders with mental disorders developmental disorders or neurological impairments.Sentencing Council.https:\/\/www.sentencingcouncil.org.uk\/overarching\u2010guides\/magistrates\u2010court\/item\/sentencing\u2010offenders\u2010with\u2010mental\u2010disorders\u2010developmental\u2010disorders\u2010or\u2010neurological\u2010impairments\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19164\/ijmhcl.v1i17.268"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638237.2012.664305"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471462422.eoct979"}],"container-title":["Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbm.2312","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T05:17:10Z","timestamp":1696655830000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbm.2312"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbm.2312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbm.2312","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-9664","1471-2857"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-9664","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2857","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-09-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}