{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T18:16:47Z","timestamp":1792347407490,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000138","name":"U.S. Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H325D180077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H325D180077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000138","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Criminal Behav Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals returning to the wider community from incarceration face many re\u2010entry barriers, including stigmatising beliefs regarding past criminal record, that have impact on health and re\u2010entry. Understanding the development and impact of self\u2010stigma on health can inform re\u2010entry and rehabilitation services.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>The two aims of this study were first, to evaluate a previously established model of self\u2010stigma applied to individuals who have experienced incarceration and, secondly, to study the impact of self\u2010stigma on physical and mental health as well as community integration on re\u2010entry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a cross\u2010sectional study of 129 formerly incarcerated adults recruited using an online platform and asked to complete online rating scales about self\u2010stigmatisation, health and sense of community integration. Repeated\u2010measures analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and path analyses were used to evaluate the model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was support for the four distinct stages of self\u2010stigmatisation apparent in mental health research. There was a relationship between self\u2010stigma harm and sense of community integration, mediated by mental but not physical health status scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings add to work on self\u2010stigmatisation in the field of mental health by showing that the concept appears relevant and appears in similar staging among formerly incarcerated individuals and that self\u2010stigmatisation is likely to be important for their community reintegration. Our sample was not typical of the wider prison population for race and gender distribution, in particular having fewer than expected those minority groups likely to be especially vulnerable to stigmatisation by others. Our findings nevertheless suggest that further, preferably, longitudinal research on self\u2010stigma to enable better understanding of pathways could substantially help treatment and rehabilitation of individuals after release from a correctional facility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T04:10:00Z","timestamp":1705032600000},"page":"79-93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Self\u2010stigma of incarceration and its impact on health and community integration"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3413-5750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chelsea E.","family":"Brehmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Special Education University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0499-3858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Special Education University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1561-4267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brigette C.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Special Education University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2359-8418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R.","family":"Strauser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Community Health University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign  Urbana Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of color blindness","author":"Alexander M.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1078345820915908"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5749\/j.ctv10vm2vw"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09638237.2015.1021902"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.22144"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.05.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371205700804"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clipsy.9.1.35"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"109","article-title":"The effects of mass incarceration on communities of color","volume":"32","author":"Crutchfield R. 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