{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T08:42:19Z","timestamp":1770280939258,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725408000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Criminal Behav Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Previous research has consistently shown value in studying emotion processing with psychopathy, but the relative effect of aural and visual stimulation has hardly been considered.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our aims were to (1) compare reaction time and self\u2010rated valence ((un)pleasantness), arousal and sense of being dominated by affective sounds or visual images among offenders with and without psychopathy (=\/&gt;26) on the psychopathy check\u2010list revised; (2) investigate any associations, controlling for social desirability and depression; (3) explore the possible mediating effect of criminogenic cognitions on any relationships between psychopathy and emotional responses to affective stimuli.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Professional educators invited all male offenders serving semi\u2010open custody sentences in one prison to participate. After a semi structured interview to assess psychopathy, they self\u2010reported on criminogenic cognition, depression and social desirability scales, before a computer task using standardised human and animal sounds and images. Using the self\u2010assessment manikin, participants rated the emotional valence, arousal and dominance levels when pleasant, unpleasant and neutral sounds or images were presented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>About one in three prisoners completed all the ratings\u2014120 men, of mean age 38.8\u00a0years (SD\u00a0=\u00a011.06). All had shorter reaction times to sounds than images. Offenders with high affective\u2010interpersonal factor scores rated all types of sounds as less pleasant. Men with high psychopathy scores took longer to respond to unpleasant images than those with lower scores. There was a positive relationship between psychopathy factors and criminogenic cognitions and the external locus of criminogenic cognitions mediated the relationship between psychopathy facets and emotional responses of valence to pleasant sounds.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings confirm the potential importance of emotional reactions to sounds as well as images among men with psychopathy. Given the shorter reaction times to sounds, in real life sounds could prove more provocative than images. While only small differences emerged between men above and below the PCL\u2010R threshold, indications from facet analyses suggest that further study of sound stimuli could enhance the understanding of emotional response differences to inform interventions. Future research in this area should focus on human\u2010related stimuli and add alexithymia measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T04:58:13Z","timestamp":1725512293000},"page":"446-461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Psychopathy, criminogenic cognitions and emotional responses to affective stimuli among male adult offenders"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Stelu\u021ba","family":"Manole","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Alexandru Ioan Cuza University  Iasi Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3789-2017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Violeta","family":"Enea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Alexandru Ioan Cuza University  Iasi Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"5","volume-title":"The psychology of criminal conduct","author":"Andrews D. 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