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Although some preliminary research suggests that the coordination of the sympathetic (SNS) and parasympathetic (PNS) branches of the autonomic nervous system may reflect sensitivity to environmental influences, the majority of research to date has been limited in its focus on just one branch, and little is known about the effects of parental empathy on a child's psychopathic\u2010like traits. This study aimed to address this gap by examining if the SNS and PNS jointly moderate the prospective contribution of parental empathy to youth psychopathic\u2010like traits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male and female children (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0340; age\u00a0=\u00a08\u201310\u00a0years) from the community completed an emotion regulation task during which their skin conductance level (SCL) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) activity were recorded. Parental cognitive, affective, and somatic empathy were reported by the caregivers. The child's psychopathic\u2010like traits were reported by the caregiver and the child and were reassessed 1\u00a0year later.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hierarchical regression indicated that after controlling for child sex, age, and concurrent CU traits, low affective empathy in parents predicted higher CU traits 1\u00a0year later in youths who exhibited reciprocal sympathetic activation (i.e., SNS activation along with PNS withdrawal), reflecting their enhanced sensitivity to the environment. No such effects were found for other psychopathic\u2010like traits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings suggest that reciprocal SNS reactivity may be a biological indicator for sensitivity to environmental influence and highlight the importance of examining the interactions among multiple systems to better understand the aetiology of psychopathic traits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T06:17:02Z","timestamp":1735021022000},"page":"63-72","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Low Parental Empathy Predicts Callous\u2010Unemotional Traits in Children With Enhanced Autonomic Sensitivity to the Environment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8106-9565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liat","family":"Kofler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The City University of New York  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Raine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2560-6020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The City University of New York  New York New York USA"},{"name":"Brooklyn College the City University of New York  Brooklyn New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000507"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826\u2010021\u201001921\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0017376"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108986.1994.tb02352.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260519870165"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671\u2010015\u20100439\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2005.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579405050145"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0000596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862\u2010021\u201009943\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jado.1995.1037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2019.1677246"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802\u2010020\u201000727\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118963418.childpsy315"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20108721.2008.00571.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20036"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20171"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020626"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Marital Conflict and Children's Externalizing Behavior: Interactions Between Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Nervous System Activity","volume":"74","author":"El\u2010Sheikh M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Monograph"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021909"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u20108624.2009.01280.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191106287354"},{"volume-title":"Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD): Technical Manual","year":"2001","author":"Frick P. 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