{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T09:16:33Z","timestamp":1782897393685,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["089963\/Z\/09\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["089963\/Z\/09\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["210735_A_18_Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["210735_A_18_Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Criminal Behav Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many studies have found that a small group of chronic offenders is responsible for the majority of crimes and tend to be particularly violent. However, there is a major lack of evidence on chronic offending in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income countries; understanding these patterns is especially important in settings with very high levels of serious violence, such as Brazil.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To identify the extent that crime is concentrated in chronic offenders and linked to violence and homicide in a Brazilian cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort includes 5623 participants followed from birth in 1982 with complete crime records up to age 30. Chronic offenders were defined as individuals who committed five or more offences and, in aggregate,\u00a0over 50% of all crimes. Key offending characteristics including age of onset, violent and homicide offending, and incarceration rates were compared across three different offender groups (one\u2010timers, below\u2010chronic and chronic offenders).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 27% of participants had a record for at least one crime by age 30, and 5% were chronic offenders. Chronic offenders were responsible for 57% of all crimes, 54% of violent crimes and 68% of homicides. Chronic offenders exhibited more severe patterns of offending on all characteristics examined compared to non\u2010chronic offenders. Homicides committed by chronic offenders were more likely to involve firearms than those by non\u2010chronic offenders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is the first study to analyse chronic offending within a large prospective cohort in a low\u2010 and middle\u2010income country. Chronic offending patterns in this Brazilian setting resemble those in high\u2010income country studies and are highly related to homicides.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T23:32:43Z","timestamp":1737415963000},"page":"31-40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Chronic Offending and Its Relation to Homicide in a Large, Prospective Brazilian Birth Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7778-6409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo S.","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE) Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"},{"name":"EPIUnit \u2013 Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto (ISPUP)  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex R.","family":"Piquero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sociology and Criminology University of Miami  Coral Gables Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafaela Costa","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE) Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tha\u00eds","family":"Martins\u2010Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE) Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle Degli","family":"Esposti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE) Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cauane","family":"Blumenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE) Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"},{"name":"Causale Consultoria  Pelotas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE) Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana\u00edna","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Horta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Development and Violence Research Centre (DOVE) Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20298"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","volume-title":"Criminal Careers and \u2018Career Criminals\u2019","author":"Blumstein A.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/449107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15614260802586350"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","volume-title":"Court Careers of a Canadian Birth Cohort","author":"Carrington P. 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