{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T11:40:01Z","timestamp":1749555601533,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Criminal Behav Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>New literature has emerged examining the relationship between government\u2010funded healthcare or health insurance for low\u2010income people and crime rates. Studies for developing countries have, however, not yet been conducted in this area. To fill this gap, we studied T\u00fcrkiye's noncontributory health insurance scheme (Green Card) that provides a full range of health cover to people whose per capita household income is less than one\u2010third of the minimum wage and contemporaneous crime rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the relationship between government\u2010funded health insurance for low\u2010income people and crime rates in T\u00fcrkiye.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We used monthly criminal records data, according to date, for the crime committed during the 12 years 2010\u20132021, inclusive, from the Ministry of Justice of T\u00fcrkiye and Green Card health insurance holder data from the Social Security Institution of T\u00fcrkiye for the same period. We merged the two databases and used a two\u2010way fixed\u2010effect ordinary least squares analysis to test for any relationship between health insurance and crime.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results indicate that a 10% increase in the Green Card health insurance rate is associated with significantly lower rates of assault, theft, damage to property and within\u2010household ill\u2010treatment crimes (1.4%, 0.8%, 1.5% and 4%, respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results indicate that government funding for healthcare for low\u2010income people is associated with lower rates of various types of crime. Although this is consistent with findings in other countries with similar healthcare arrangements, it is the first time such a study has been conducted in a low\u2010 to middle\u2010income country. Further study is needed to explore where the greatest health gains were made among those with this type of insurance and how any such improvements relate to lower crime rates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T04:49:32Z","timestamp":1743223772000},"page":"147-152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Examining the Link Between Noncontributory Health Insurance and Crime"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2693-3509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00dcmit","family":"Acar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Finance Faculty of Political Sciences Ankara Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University Ankara T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4491-4459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdullah","family":"Tirgil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics Faculty of Political Sciences Ankara Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m Beyaz\u0131t University Ankara T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pam.22345"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1359\u20101789(01)00057\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jue.2018.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2008.537"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/449114"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7758\/rsf.2020.6.2.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.3977"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/azq067"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40163\u2010016\u20100056\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","unstructured":"Penal code of T\u00fcrkiye Pub. L. No. 5237 5237.2004.https:\/\/www.mevzuat.gov.tr\/MevzuatMetin\/1.5.5237.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","unstructured":"The Ministry of Justice of T\u00fcrkiye.2024.Directorate General for Criminal Records and Statistics. Crime in the provinces of T\u00fcrkiye 2010\u20102021. Not open\u2010access data."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","unstructured":"The Ministry of Treasury and Finance of T\u00fcrkiye.2024.2024 Central Government Consolidated Financial Statistics 2010\u20132021.https:\/\/en.hmb.gov.tr\/central\u2010government."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","unstructured":"The Social Security Institution of T\u00fcrkiye.2024.Green Card Holders in the Provinces of T\u00fcrkiye 2010\u20132021.https:\/\/www.sgk.gov.tr\/Istatistik\/Aylik\/42919466\u2010593f\u20104600\u2010937d\u20101f95c9e252e6."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","unstructured":"TurkStat.2024.Annual National Account Statistics.https:\/\/biruni.tuik.gov.tr\/medas\/?locale=en."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52675\/jhesp.1004601"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pam.22239"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2017.09.001"}],"container-title":["Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbm.2386","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T11:18:56Z","timestamp":1749554336000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbm.2386"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbm.2386"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbm.2386","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-9664","1471-2857"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0957-9664"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-2857"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-01-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}