{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T12:24:01Z","timestamp":1771331041298,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]],"date-time":"2025-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Criminal Behav Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In earlier research with prisoners, we observed that convicted stalkers had skill deficits in interpreting their experiences of stalking and their motivations for it, suggesting narcissistic vulnerability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our primary aim was to explore the prevalence of narcissistic vulnerability in men serving a prison sentence in England and to investigate differences in narcissistic vulnerability and attachment styles between men convicted of stalking offences and men convicted of other offences but serving similar sentences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Participants were from across 16 closed custodial settings in England. Everyone serving a sentence for a stalking offence was invited to participate together with a same size sample of men serving similar sentences for other offences and without a stalking history. 25%\u201330% of the eligible men agreed to participate. Each completed three psychometric scales, rating themselves on the Narcissistic Vulnerability Scale (NVS), the Brief\u2010Pathological Narcissism Inventory (B\u2010PNI) and the Experiences in Close Relationships\u2010Revised (ECR\u2010R) scale. A series of independent sample\n                      <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010tests were used to compare the experimental group to the other\u2010conviction control group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010nine individuals sentenced for stalking offences and 25 other prisoners, all men, completed. The stalking group had significantly higher mean scores on narcissistic vulnerability according to both scales and significantly higher mean attachment style difficulties together with higher mean anxiety scores and avoidant scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings add data on aspects of personality to a limited pool that supports understanding of men convicted of stalking. Although our sampling and data collection were both limited by the COVID\u201019 pandemic conditions, our findings further evidence the case for intervention with respect to ameliorating the personality characteristics of narcissistic vulnerability and attachment styles of such men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.2388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T01:34:13Z","timestamp":1747791253000},"page":"179-186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Prevalence of Narcissistic Vulnerability in Men in English Prisons After Criminal Conviction for Stalking"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Gemma","family":"Dearn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"His Majesty's Prison Service  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Bradbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"His Majesty's Prison Service  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"His Majesty's Prison Service  London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1633-5812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachael","family":"Wheatley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Derby  Derby UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0003\u2010066x.46.4.333"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016338"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.10.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9781615371013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2007.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244020962820"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","volume-title":"Narcissistic Wounds: Clinical Perspectives","author":"Cooper J.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000578"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144\u2010019\u201000504\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167213483580"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1559\u20101816.1994.tb01554.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16050725"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022898"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/\/0022\u20103514.78.2.350"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20982\/tqmp.08.1.p023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2016.06.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","unstructured":"Her Majesty\u2019s Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (HMICFRS) and Her Majesty\u2019s Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate (HMCPSI).2017. \u201cLiving in Fear \u2013 The Police and CPS Response to Harassment Stalking.\u201dhttps:\/\/www.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk\/hmicfrs\/publications\/living\u2010in\u2010fear\u2010the\u2010police\u2010and\u2010cps\u2010response\u2010to\u2010harassment\u2010and\u2010stalking\/#report."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","unstructured":"His Majesty\u2019s Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (HMICFRS). n.d. \u201cSuper\u2010Complaint on the Police Response to Stalking \u2013 His Majesty\u2019s Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services (justiceinspectorates.gov.uk).\u201d Accessed October 07 2024.https:\/\/hmicfrs.justiceinspectorates.gov.uk\/our\u2010work\/article\/stalking\u2010or\u2010harassment\/super\u2010complaint\u2010on\u2010the\u2010police\u2010response\u2010to\u2010stalking\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/per.2040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01600"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","volume-title":"Borderline Conditions and Pathological Narcissism","author":"Kernberg O. 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