{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,19]],"date-time":"2023-11-19T00:29:46Z","timestamp":1700353786332},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,30]],"date-time":"2006-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1398,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Criminal Behav Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Risk assessment occupies an increasingly important position in psychiatry. This paper contends that collective judgement is the optimal method of assessing risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>The meaning of risk<\/jats:title><jats:p>Risk has a dual meaning: emotional and judgemental.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Risks faced by staff<\/jats:title><jats:p>Assaults, threats and survival anxiety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>The effects of danger on the group<\/jats:title><jats:p>Staff wariness and resistance, attribution of blame.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>The ambiguous task<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>For a group to function well it must have a clear task. Custodial roles can lead to ambiguity<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>The emotions of larger groups<\/jats:title><jats:p>Externally directed hostility, internal homogenization of views.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Social defences<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rituals can develop in forensic institutions, as well as militarism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Anti\u2010therapeutic culture<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sadism may develop where a marked power differential develops.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>The role of the leader<\/jats:title><jats:p>Danger intensifies the feelings about leaders, perhaps idealization, perhaps disaffection. Leaders and others need to agree on risk assessment or fragmentation will occur.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>The modification of risk<\/jats:title><jats:p>The assessment of risk may modify it. Mutual hostility must be reduced. Dialogue and understanding are needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>A climate for risk assessment<\/jats:title><jats:p>The environment should be less authoritarian and more democratic, so that patients can join a group and internalize its values. Reflective space is also required.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Risk assessment is best described in terms of human endeavour, not in the language of scientific measurement. Copyright \u00a9 2002 Whurr Publishers Ltd.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,30]],"date-time":"2006-03-30T13:25:23Z","timestamp":1143725123000},"page":"169-178","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Risk assessment as collective clinical judgement"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Denis","family":"Murphy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Report of the Committee of Enquiry about Ashworth Hospital","author":"Ashworth Enquiry","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203359075"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","volume-title":"Koinonia. 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A Psychodynamic Explanation of Culture and Change","author":"Stapley L","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","first-page":"87","volume-title":"The Large Group: Dynamics and Therapy","author":"Turquet P","year":"1975"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","volume-title":"The Psychology of the Criminal Act and Punishment","author":"Zilboorg G","year":"1955"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Pathology of imprisonment","volume":"9","author":"Zimbardo P","year":"1972","journal-title":"Trans\u2010Action"}],"container-title":["Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcbm.494","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbm.494","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T11:22:17Z","timestamp":1700306537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbm.494"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbm.494"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbm.494","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-9664","1471-2857"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-9664","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2857","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,6]]}}}