{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:11:21Z","timestamp":1791216681541,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,29]],"date-time":"2007-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1175126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Criminal Behav Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\u2002Alcohol, aggression and assault injury are strongly associated with popular sporting events, but mediating factors are not clear.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims<\/jats:bold>\u2002To explore aggression, happiness and plans to consume alcohol among spectators before and spectators after sports matches.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods<\/jats:bold>\u2002Cross\u2010sectional surveys of male rugby football fans at an international stadium generated four groups: a pre\u2010match group of 111 men, and three post\u2010match groups of supporters, 17 whose team had won, 23 whose team had lost and 46 whose team had drawn. Consenting participants were assessed using the assault sub\u2010scale of the Buss\u2010Durkee Hostility Inventory, on a self\u2010rating of happiness (Likert scale), for planned alcohol consumption and demographic variables. Pre\u2010 and post\u2010match group mean responses were compared.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2002Analyses were performed on 197 male spectators (mean age 42 years). Spectators in \u2018win\u2019 (z = 2.63, p &lt; 0.01) and \u2018draw\u2019 (z = 2.76, p &lt; 0.01) groups rated themselves as more aggressive than those in the pre\u2010game group, but those in the losing group did not (z = \u22120.03, p &gt; 0.05). No differences, however, were observed between pre\u2010match, \u2018win\u2019, \u2018draw\u2019 or \u2018lose\u2019 groups on the decision to drink after the match. Winning did not increase happiness (t = 0.25, p &gt; 0.05), but losing (t = 2.09, p &lt; 0.05) or drawing (t = 7.64, p &lt; 0.001) decreased it.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\u2002This study suggests that team success but not failure may increase aggression among supporters, and that aggression, not celebration, drives post\u2010match alcohol consumption. Losing and drawing decreased happiness but winning did not increase it. Better understanding of pathways to violence in these circumstances will pave the way for more effective prevention and management strategies. Copyright \u00a9 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.647","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,29]],"date-time":"2007-03-29T12:27:16Z","timestamp":1175171236000},"page":"118-127","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["The effect of rugby match outcome on spectator aggression and intention to drink alcohol"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Simon C.","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Shepherd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Eden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaseekaran","family":"Sivarajasingam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.107.3.341","article-title":"Effects of alcohol on human aggression: an integrative research review","volume":"107","author":"Bushman BJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"343","article-title":"An inventory for assessing different kinds of hostility","volume":"4","author":"Buss AH","year":"1951","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting Psychology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.530"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.55.1.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10022-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7312\/gutt06400","volume-title":"Sports Spectators","author":"Gutman A","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01293.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1912352"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"Reducing Alcohol\u2010related Violence and Disorder: An Evaluation of the \u2018TASC\u2019 Project","author":"Maguire M","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1395199"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.526"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00036840500368094"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826089009058873"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.13.2.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.2005.66.291"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PerhamN MooreSC ShepherdJ P CusensB(2007).Identifying drunkenness in the night\u2010time economy. 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