{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:11:04Z","timestamp":1793038264059,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]],"date-time":"2025-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Criminal Behav Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With a rising prison population, a substantial portion of whom are identified as substance misusers, it is important to understand the availability of treatment pathways, their successes and areas for improvement. Given the likely importance of national factors in criminal justice and substance use service provision, we chose to focus on one country.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To review substance misuse treatment and outcomes for such treatments as implemented in British prisons for men.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a mixed\u2010methods systematic review, searching Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, APA PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, Sociology Collection, Web of Science Core Collection and Social Science Premium Collection between 1 January 2000 and 5 June 2024. Included were empirical, peer\u2010reviewed studies of processes and outcomes of UK male prison\u2010based substance misuse programmes. Primary outcomes included changes in substance use, withdrawal symptoms and experiences of interventions, whereas secondary outcomes encompassed quality of life, locus of control and mental health. Because of study design heterogeneity, meta\u2010analysis was not possible. Analysis followed JBI methodology with a convergent synthesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fourteen studies were included: 8 qualitative, 5 quantitative studies of which 3 were randomised control trials (RCTs) and 1 mixed\u2010methods study, with a combined sample of 4037 participants engaged in opioid substitute treatment (OST) and\/or psychosocial interventions. Four key themes emerged: the power of purposeful activity, strengthening support systems, bridging patient needs with treatment plans and, for those in opiate programmes, experiences and engagement with opioid substitution treatments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants articulated diverse treatment needs, highlighting the necessity of individualised and tailored reduction or maintenance plans. Treatment requires a comprehensive approach with the aim of facilitating effective social integration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.70008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]],"date-time":"2025-08-16T16:59:30Z","timestamp":1755363570000},"page":"270-289","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Systematic Review of Substance Misuse Treatment Processes and Outcomes as Implemented in Prisons for Men in the UK"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3611-7355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kim","family":"Barnett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mental Health and Society School of Health Sciences Bangor University  Bangor UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor","family":"Butt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Care and Society Division of Nursing Midwifery and Social Work School of Health Sciences Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7903-6094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosie","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology Faculty of Health and Wellbeing University of Bolton  Bolton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3413-8522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pauline","family":"Goodlad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Spalding Library Wrexham Maelor Hospital Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board  Wrexham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1503-1734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Krayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mental Health and Society School of Health Sciences Bangor University  Bangor UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9860-8545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"O'Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychology and Mental Health Medicine and Health School of Health Sciences Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5152-8030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Huxley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mental Health and Society School of Health Sciences Bangor University  Bangor UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7240-7107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Care and Society Division of Nursing Midwifery and Social Work School of Health Sciences Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9377-1968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Peckham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mental Health and Society School of Health Sciences Bangor University  Bangor UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7914-3981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rob","family":"Poole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Mental Health and Society School of Health Sciences Bangor University  Bangor UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs.2019.Custody\u2010Community Transitions.https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/media\/5f1704213a6f40727051b6da\/CMD_Custody_community_transitions_report_June_2019.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490490440807"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2005.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003409.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003409.pub4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005031.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hir.12187"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hir.12252"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764211426330"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X231176003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02645505211005018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1940\u20100640\u20107\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","volume-title":"Review of Drugs: Executive Summary","author":"Black C.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00258024221118971"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","volume-title":"Search of Respect","author":"Bourgois P.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/13620-004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14780887.2020.1769238"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/17459265200700030"},{"issue":"225","key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","article-title":"An Evaluation of the Master Gardener Programme at HMP Rye Hill: A Horticultural Intervention With Substance Misusing Offenders","volume":"2016","author":"Brown G.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prison Service Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0264550504048246"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.115.011417"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826080802289762"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.evalprogplan.2017.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010023\u201015673\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051\u20105545.2009.tb00218.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/sar.s183252"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15298868.2010.524404"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10509674.2015.1087443"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","volume-title":"Integrative Approaches to Qualitative and Quantitative Evidence","author":"Dixon\u2010Woods M.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09687637.2015.1090397"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13877"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/cxa.0000000000000111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J076v40n01_04"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","unstructured":"Harrison L. R.Cappello A.Alaszewski S.Appleton andG.Cook.2003.The Effectiveness of Treatment for Substance Dependence Within the Prison System in England: A Review.https:\/\/kar.kent.ac.uk\/7763\/1\/etdd.PDF."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","unstructured":"Her Majesty\u2019s Prison & Probation Service (HMPPS).2019.HM Chief Inspector of Prisons for England and Wales Annual Report 2018\u201319.https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/media\/5d1e0025e5274a08dd57c3cb\/hmip\u2010annual\u2010report\u20102018\u201019.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","unstructured":"HM Government.2010.Drug Strategy 2010: Reducing Demand Restricting Supply Building Recovery: Supporting People to Live a Drug Free Life.https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/media\/5a78a35d40f0b63247698f9a\/drug\u2010strategy\u20102010.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","unstructured":"HM Government.2021.From Harm to Hope \u2010 A 10\u2010Year Drugs Plan to Cut Crime and Save Lives.https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/1043484\/From_harm_to_hope_PDF.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","volume-title":"Resettlement Provision for Adult Offenders: Accommodation and Education, Training and Employment. A Joint Thematic Review by HM Inspectorate of Prisons","author":"HM Inspectorate of Prisons","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","first-page":"620","article-title":"The Effectiveness of Drug Treatment Programs in Reducing Criminal Behavior: A Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"18","author":"Holloway K. R.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","unstructured":"Home Office.2004.Reducing Re\u2010Offending National Action Plan. Home Office. London: Communication Directorate.https:\/\/www.nicco.org.uk\/userfiles\/downloads\/024%20\u2010%20Reducing%20Reoffending%20Delivery%20Plan%202009.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643\u2010017\u20100454\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","unstructured":"Hong Q. N. P.Pluye S.F\u00e0bregues et\u00a0al.2018.Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) Version 2018. Registration of Copyright (#1148552) Canadian Intellectual Property Office Industry Canada.http:\/\/mixedmethodsappraisaltoolpublic.pbworks.com\/w\/file\/fetch\/127916259\/MMAT_2018_criteria\u2010manual_2018\u201008\u201001_ENG.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376\u20108716(02)00024\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","unstructured":"Independent Expert Working Group.2017.Drug Misuse and Dependence: UK Guidelines on Clinical Management.https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/media\/5a821e3340f0b62305b92945\/clinical_guidelines_2017.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","unstructured":"Independent Advisory Panel on Deaths in Custody.2017.Keeping Safe\u2014Preventing Suicide and Self Harm in Custody: Prisoners\u2019 Views Collated by the IAP.https:\/\/cloud\u2010platform\u2010e218f50a4812967ba1215eaecede923f.s3.amazonaws.com\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2023\/10\/KeepingSafe\u2010FINAL\u2010Dec2017.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954\u2010021\u201000480\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/17449201111256907"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","article-title":"Prison Population Growth: Drivers, Implications and Policy Considerations","author":"Jones C.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13722\u2010019\u20100145\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(03)12600\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2021.108287"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14281"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19371918.2013.774673"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854807309111"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agu056"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-0922-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14659891.2014.904938"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjc\/42.2.412"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/med\/9780199374847.003.0006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","volume-title":"Evaluation of the Drug Recovery Wing Pilots: Final Report","author":"Lloyd C.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/xeb.0000000000000062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102288\u20107\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826084.2020.1797810"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.201500339"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.61838\/kman.jarac.4.4.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002209"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360\u20100443.2010.02990.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4073\/csr.2012.18"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/89.9.873"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","first-page":"420042","volume-title":"Prison and Drugs in Europe: Current and Future Challenges","author":"Montanari L.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","volume-title":"Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual","author":"Moola S.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954\u2010020\u201000399\u20108"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","first-page":"118","article-title":"Impact of Drug Abuse on Family Quality of Life","volume":"9","author":"Navabi N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Addiction and Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2014.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agy032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","unstructured":"NHS addictions provide alliance. n.d.Stigma Kills.https:\/\/www.nhsapa.org\/stigma."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wfs2.1473"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjb.2020.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_1","unstructured":"Office for Health Improvement and Disparities.2023.National Statistics Adult Substance Misuse Treatment Statistics 2022 to 2023: Report.https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/substance\u2010misuse\u2010treatment\u2010for\u2010adults\u2010statistics\u20102022\u2010to\u20102023\/adult\u2010substance\u2010misuse\u2010treatment\u2010statistics\u20102022\u2010to\u20102023\u2010report."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_1","unstructured":"Office for Health Improvement and Disparities.2025b.Part 2: Recovery Support Services\u2014Evidence and Current Provision. GOV.UK.https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/recovery\u2010support\u2010services\u2010and\u2010lived\u2010experience\u2010initiatives\/part\u20102\u2010recovery\u2010support\u2010services\u2010evidence\u2010and\u2010current\u2010provision."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_88_1","volume-title":"Alcohol and Drug Treatment in Secure Settings 2023 to 2024: Report","author":"Office for Health Improvement & Disparities","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2015.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_91_1","unstructured":"Patel L.2010.The Patel Report Prison Drug Treatment Strategy Review Group. Reducing Drug\u2010Related Crime and Rehabilitating Offenders. Recovery and Rehabilitation for Drug Users in Prison and on Release: Recommendations for Action.https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/media\/5a7cd449ed915d63cc65d154\/dh_119850.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_92_1","unstructured":"Phillips J. andR.Roberts.2019.Deaths of People Following Release From Prison.https:\/\/static1.squarespace.com\/static\/5b7ea2794cde7a79e7c00582\/t\/63da2daa3f997d020e11565b\/1675242922694\/INQUEST_Deaths_after_custody.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010publhealth\u2010032013\u2010182440"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709991048"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_96_1","unstructured":"PricewaterhouseCoopers.2007.Report to the Department of Health and Ministry of Justice. Executive Summary: Review of Prison\u2010Based Drug Treatment Funding. Executive Summary: Review of Prison\u2010Based Drug Treatment Funding. Final Report.https:\/\/data.parliament.uk\/DepositedPapers\/Files\/DEP2008\u20100750\/DEP2008\u20100750.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2008.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_98_1","volume-title":"Safer Prisons: A National Study of Prison Suicides 1999\u20132000","author":"Shaw J.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/eb\u20102014\u2010101791"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1747\u2010597X\u20104\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000514401"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1441.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J076v42n01_03"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_105_1","unstructured":"Social Exclusion Unit.2002.Reducing Re\u2010Offending by Ex\u2010Prisoners.https:\/\/www.bristol.ac.uk\/poverty\/downloads\/keyofficialdocuments\/Reducing%20Reoffending.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687637.2016.1183588"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.16001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00332747.1971.11023682"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_109_1","volume-title":"The Street Addict Role","author":"Stephens R. C.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11124\/JBISRIR\u2010D\u201019\u201000169"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227968"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_112_1","first-page":"33","volume-title":"The Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations","author":"Tajfel H.","year":"1979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_114_1","unstructured":"The Centre for Social Justice.2015.Drug in Prison.https:\/\/www.centreforsocialjustice.org.uk\/wp\u2010content\/uploads\/2015\/03\/CSJJ3090_Drugs_in_Prison.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_115_1","volume-title":"Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers\u2019 Manual","author":"The Institute Joanna Briggs","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/02537176211061655"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_117_1","volume-title":"JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis","author":"Tufanaru C.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14789949.2018.1508485"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524\u2010006\u20109047\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_121_1","unstructured":"Wakeling H. andK.Lynch.2020.HM Prison & Probation Service: Exploring Substance Use in Prisons: A Case Study Approach in Five Closed Male English Prisons.https:\/\/www.drugsandalcohol.ie\/33284\/1\/HMPPS_Exploring\u2010substance\u2010use\u2010prisons.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689719878380"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.674743"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12881"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352\u2010016\u20100041\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102296\u201015\u201064"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp11x613106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2012.300764"}],"container-title":["Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbm.70008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T15:57:09Z","timestamp":1761839829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbm.70008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]]},"references-count":127,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbm.70008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbm.70008","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-9664","1471-2857"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-9664","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2857","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}