{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T10:13:06Z","timestamp":1780567986154,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,26]],"date-time":"2010-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1264464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Criminal Behav Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\u2002There has been a lot of research on risk factors for recidivism among juvenile offenders, in general, and on individual risk factors, but less focus on subgroups of serious juvenile offenders and prediction of recidivism within these.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2002To find an optimal classification of risk items and to test the predictive value of the resultant factors with respect to severity of recidivism among serious juvenile offenders.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method<\/jats:bold>\u2002Seventy static and dynamic risk factors in 1154 juvenile offenders were registered with the Juvenile Forensic Profile. Recidivism data were collected on 728 of these offenders with a time at risk of at least 2 years. After factor analysis, independent sample t\u2010tests were used to indicate differences between recidivists and non\u2010recidivists. Logistic multiple linear regression analyses were used to test the potential predictive value of the factors for violent or serious recidivism.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2002A nine\u2010factor solution best accounted for the data. The factors were: <jats:italic>antisocial behaviour during treatment, sexual problems, family problems, axis\u20101 psychopathology, offence characteristics, conscience and empathy, intellectual and social capacities, social network, and substance abuse<\/jats:italic>. Regression analysis showed that the factors <jats:italic>antisocial behaviour during treatment, family problems and axis\u20101 psychopathology<\/jats:italic> were associated with seriousness of recidivism.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and implications for practice<\/jats:bold>\u2002The significance of <jats:italic>family problems<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>antisocial behaviour during treatments<\/jats:italic> suggest that specific attention to these factors may be important in reducing recidivism. The fact that <jats:italic>antisocial behaviour during treatment<\/jats:italic> consists mainly of dynamic risk factors is hopeful as these can be influenced by treatment. Consideration of young offenders by subgroup rather than as a homogenous population is likely to yield the best information about risk of serious re\u2010offending and the management of that risk. Copyright \u00a9 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,26]],"date-time":"2010-01-26T10:23:54Z","timestamp":1264501434000},"page":"23-38","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["A classification of risk factors in serious juvenile offenders and the relation between patterns of risk factors and recidivism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Eva","family":"Mulder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eddy","family":"Brand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruud","family":"Bullens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hjalmar","family":"Van Marle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist\/4\u201318 and 1991 Child Profile","author":"Achenbach TM","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"1995 Anderson Cincinnati Ohio DA Andrews J Bonta The psychology of criminal conduct"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20033"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-2352(98)00051-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Manual for the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth (SAVRY)","author":"Borum R.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Scoring Manual FPJ\u2010list. Juvenile Forensic Profile","author":"Brand EFJM","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","volume-title":"Research Study PIJ\u2010files 2003C: Predictive Validity of the FPJ\u2010List","author":"Brand EFJM","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"429","volume-title":"The Uncertain Evidence. The Use of Statistics and Probability in Criminal Law","author":"Brand E","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13552600600845715"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"CarcachC LeverettS(1999)Recidivism among juvenile offenders: an analysis of times to reappearance in court. Australian Institute of Criminology Research and Public Policy Series no. 17."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","volume-title":"Handbook of Multivariate Experimental Psychology","author":"Cattell R","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(02)00564-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022570107457"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0093854801028003005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"PEN, Big Five, juvenile delinquency and criminal recidivism","volume":"39","author":"van Dam C","year":"2004","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1011091523808"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","volume-title":"The Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version Manual","author":"Forth AE","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/009385480102800402"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","volume-title":"Inter\u2010Rater Reliability and Convergent Validity of the Juvenile Forensic Profile","author":"van Heerde WK","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","volume-title":"Research Study PIJ\u2010Files 2003\u2013B. Clinical Evaluation FPJ\u2010List & SAVRY in Eikenstein and FORA","author":"van Heerde WK","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jado.1996.0005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-007-9172-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","volume-title":"Pilot Study PIJ\u2010Files. From Word to Number","author":"van 't Hoff GICM","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022427801038001004"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Factor analysis. Statistical methods and practical issues. Sage University Paper Series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, No. 07\u2013014","author":"Kim JO","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11292-005-3541-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022427803256094"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107906320501700304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400004107"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203933237","volume-title":"Violence and serious theft. Development and prediction from childhood to adulthood","author":"Loeber R","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128705281747"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088626000015008005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(01)00065-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","volume-title":"Methods and techniques in psychological research, part 2: data\u2010analysis and psychometrics","author":"Meerling","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","volume-title":"Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change","author":"Miller WR","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002242702237287"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.100.4.674"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579401002097"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","article-title":"in press). Risk factors for overall recidivism and severity of recidivism in serious juvenile offenders","author":"Mulder EA","journal-title":"International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107906320401600304"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","volume-title":"Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol\u2010II (J\u2010SOAP\u2010II) Manual","author":"Prentky R","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260503260244"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781452232249","volume-title":"The 8% Solution: Preventing Serious, Repeat Juvenile Crime","author":"Schumacher M","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1541204006292656"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","volume-title":"Using Multivariate Statistics","author":"Tabachnick BG","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","volume-title":"Multivariate Analysis Techniques in Social Science Research: From Problem to Analysis","author":"Tacq J","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.16.1.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J070v13n03_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","volume-title":"HCR\u201020: Assessing Risk for Violence (Version 2)","author":"Webster CD","year":"1997"}],"container-title":["Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcbm.754","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cbm.754","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,21]],"date-time":"2023-11-21T12:39:15Z","timestamp":1700570355000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cbm.754"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,26]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cbm.754"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbm.754","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-9664","1471-2857"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-9664","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2857","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,26]]}}}