{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T02:10:07Z","timestamp":1785377407096,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,19]],"date-time":"2010-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1268956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Criminal Behav Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background<\/jats:bold>\u2002Late\u2010onset offending, at the age of 21 or thereafter, is an underexplored dimension of the criminal career.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Aims<\/jats:bold>\u2002Our aims were to explore which factors are precursors of late\u2010onset offending, and the extent to which adult criminality can be predicted in childhood and adolescence.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Method<\/jats:bold>\u2002This is the first study that defines late\u2010onset offending based on a combination of official records and self\u2010reports. Longitudinal data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (CSDD) were used. Four hundred and three South London men, followed from ages 8\u201310 to ages 48\u201350, were divided into late\u2010starters (LS,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 51), early\u2010starters (ES,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 140) and non\u2010offenders (NO,<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 212).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2002LS men were more likely than NO men to have been neurotic, truants or in poor housing at ages 8\u201310. At ages 12\u201314, they tended to be neurotic, and at ages 16\u201318, they had high unemployment and spent time hanging about on the streets. Compared with ES, LS were nervous at ages 8\u201310, and at age 18 they were more likely to be sexual virgins. Overall, LS men were more similar to NO men before age 21, but more similar to ES men by age 32.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions<\/jats:bold>\u2002Our hypotheses that late\u2010onset offenders would be particularly characterised by neuroticism or nervousness, but that this would buffer rather than fully protect over the life course, were sustained. Intervention to increase the resilience of children and adolescents who are rated as high on neurotic characteristics may lessen the burden that these factors impose in adult life and reduce the risk of a deteriorating quality of life and late onset criminal careers. Copyright \u00a9 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,20]],"date-time":"2010-03-20T22:56:14Z","timestamp":1269125774000},"page":"257-273","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["A longitudinal analysis of early risk factors for adult\u2010onset offending: What predicts a delayed criminal career?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Georgia","family":"Zara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Farrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5040\/9798216956211","volume-title":"Aging Prisoners: Crisis in American Corrections","author":"Aday 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