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Anaphylactoid reactions are nonimmune mediated, but histamine release and other mediators produce a clinical presentation indistinguishable from anaphylaxis. In patients with known previous reactions, pretreatment with steroids and diphenhydramine and the use of nonionic contrast media have significantly reduced the potential of recurrent reaction. Minor reactions such as limited urticaria may be watched for progression or treatment with diphenhydramine, whereas more serious reactions such as angioedema or laryngeal edema require airway stability and ephinephrine administration. Shock should be vigorously treated simultaneously with intravenous epinephrine and large volumes of normal saline. If the patient can be stabilized, the study should be completed as histamine, leukotrienes, and other vasoactive products should be relatively depleted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.1810340403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,2]],"date-time":"2007-03-02T06:49:21Z","timestamp":1172818161000},"page":"99-104","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Systemic anaphylactoid reactions to lodinated contrast media during cardiac catheterization procedures: Guidelines for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Jerome E.","family":"Goss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Chambers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederick A.","family":"Heupler, Jr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.157.6.1950858"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.151.2.263"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-4295(90)80064-T"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004311-198511000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.1810170103"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0033-0620(88)90017-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(84)90113-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004424-199105000-00004"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","first-page":"532","article-title":"The current status of reactions to intravenous contrast media","volume":"15","author":"Ansell G","year":"1980","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.143.1.7063711"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"302","article-title":"The role of a documented allergic profile as a risk factor for radiographic contrast media reaction","volume":"62","author":"Enright T","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-115-4-270"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","first-page":"77","article-title":"Anaphylactoid reactions to iodinated contrast media","volume":"22","author":"Hildreth EA","year":"1987","journal-title":"Hosp Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","first-page":"70","article-title":"Comparison of three pretreatment protocols to prevent anaphylactoid reactions to radiocontrast media","volume":"67","author":"Marshall GD","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Allergy"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(91)90135-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"877","article-title":"Evaluation of intravascular low\u2010osmolality contrast agents","volume":"5","author":"Swanson DP","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Pharm"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"348","article-title":"Recurrent severe reaction to iodinated contrast media during cardiac catheterization","volume":"11","author":"Slack JD","year":"1982","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(86)90357-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","unstructured":"AnsellG:An epidemiological report on adverse reactions or urography: ionic and non\u2010ionic media. 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