{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T10:34:59Z","timestamp":1761561299296},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,9]],"date-time":"2008-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cathet Cardio Intervent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content>Background<\/jats:styled-content>: Patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been linked to migraine, and several retrospective studies reported an improvement in migraine prevalence or frequency after PFO closure for other reasons, mostly for secondary prevention of paradoxical embolism or following diving accidents. We investigated the outcome of patients undergoing PFO closure solely for migraine headaches refractory to medical treatment. <jats:styled-content>Methods<\/jats:styled-content>: Seventeen patients (age 44 \u00b1 12 years; 76% female; one atrial septal aneurysm) underwent percutaneous PFO closure using the Amplatzer PFO Occluder (AGA Medical Corporation, Golden Valley, MN). An 18\u2010mm device was used in two patients, a 25\u2010mm device in 13, and a 35\u2010mm device in two. The interventions were solely guided by fluoroscopy, without intraprocedural echocardiography. <jats:styled-content>Results<\/jats:styled-content>: All implantation procedures were successful. There were no peri\u2010procedural complications. Contrast transesophageal echocardiography after Valsalva maneuver at 6 months showed complete PFO closure in 16 patients (94%), whereas a minimal residual shunt persisted in one (6%). During 2.7 \u00b1 1.5 years of follow\u2010up, no deaths and no embolic events occurred. After PFO closure, migraine headaches disappeared in four patients (24%), and improved in eight additional patients (47%). Three patients (18%) reported a decrease of their headaches by 75%, three patients (18%) a decrease of 50%, and two patients (12%) a decrease of 25%, while headaches remained unchanged in five patients (29%). No patient experienced worsening headaches. Moreover, the prevalence of migraine with aura decreased from 82 to 24% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002). <jats:styled-content>Conclusions<\/jats:styled-content>: These results suggest that percutaneous PFO closure durably alters the spontaneous course of shunt associated migraine. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.21921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,10]],"date-time":"2008-12-10T00:49:31Z","timestamp":1228870171000},"page":"124-129","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale for migraine headaches refractory to medical 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